Bletchley Park - Tarihin Tarihin Bada Tushe:
Bletchley Park, kimanin kilomita 50 a arewa maso yammacin birnin London, yana kama da gidan birane na Victorian wanda ya kasance mai ban mamaki a wani lokaci. An gina shi ne a shekara ta 1883 a birnin London mai arzikin arziki, wanda ya kusan kasancewa a rushe lokacin da gwamnatin Birtaniya, a kan yakin yakin duniya na biyu, ya sami shi don wani dalili. A cikin yakin duniya na biyu kuma a cikin farkon shekarun yakin Cold War, Bletchley na al'ada, bayyanar gida yana ƙaryar ainihin abin da ya faru, abin ƙyama - abin da ya sa ya kasance a cikin Dokar Asiri na Yanki na tsawon shekaru.
A nan, a bayan bayanan kofa da kuma zurfin zurfi a cikin tsakiyar kadarar kadarar 60, Burtaniya sun karya dokokin Enigma na Nazi Jamus.
A yanzu, a Bletchley Park Museum da kuma Cibiyar Lambobi na Ƙasar , ana gaya wa labarin asiri.
Menene Enigma ?:
Enigma wani na'ura ne mai ƙuƙwalwa wadda Jamus ta fara tsakanin Ƙarshen farko da na biyu na Wars. Ya yi kama da rubutun kalmomi amma, ta hanyar jerin na'urori masu motsi da lantarki a ciki, haruffa ko haɗuwa da haruffa zasu iya canzawa a matsayin maye gurbin da aka zaɓa. Lambobin sun kasance sun fi rikitarwa fiye da sauya takarda ga wani. A gaskiya, akwai yiwuwar daruruwan miliyoyin - watakila ma biliyoyin - na haɗuwa. Maɓalli, canza yau da kullum, ya buɗe lambar don a iya watsawa da fahimtar saƙonni. Bada aikin da aka yi na dokokin Enigma ya ba da gudummawa ga nasara ga abokan adawa a yakin duniya na biyu.
Wanene Ya Kashe Cikin Lambobin Enigma ?:
A shekara ta 2000, masu sukar fim na Birtaniya sun kori fim din Amurka, U-517 (kwatanta farashin), game da gung ho, 'yan jirgin ruwa na Amurka a kan manufa don kama na'urar Inigma da ta gaggauta kawo karshen yakin a Atlantic.
Kowane mutum a Birtaniya, ya san, cewa shi ne Rundunar sojin da ta kama wannan na'ura, kuma shi ne magunguna a Bletchly Park wanda ya buɗe shi - labarin da ya faru a shekara guda a Enigma (kwatanta farashin), fim tare da Kate Winslet bisa ga mawallafin wartime Enigma, na Robert Harris.
A gaskiya ma, fina-finai biyu sun kasance ne bisa labarun gaske. An karanta saƙonnin Enigma a farkon 1940 bayan an kama wasu ƙafafun rotor a kan wadanda suka tsira daga jirgin ruwan Jamus na Jamus sun bar Scotland. Kuma, a cikin 1941, Birnin Royal Royal Navy Commandos ya kama da na'urorin Enigma da dama da makullin su - daga wani shinge na kamala daga jihar Norway da daga baya daga U-110.
Amma a watan Yunin 1944, Rundunar Tashar Rundunar Sojan Amirka ta kama wani na'ura mai suna Enigma da kuma takardun litattafai daga wani jirgin ruwa na Jamus, U-505, wanda ya kasance mahimmanci ga yunkuri na WWII.
Kuma, don ba da bashi inda aka bashi bashi, magunguna na Poland sun kasance suna aiki a kan dokokin Enigma a cikin shekarun 1930, kafin yakin ya fadi. Sun wuce ilmi game da Faransanci wanda suka raba shi da Birtaniya.
Gaskiyar ita ce, akwai na'urorin Enigma da dama da kuma aiwatar da fasalin lambobin su - sun fi yawa a Bletchley Park - duk lokacin yakin.
Menene Za Ka Ga A Bletchley Park ?:
- Uku na'urorin Enigma guda tara, ciki har da wanda a kan rance daga Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ta Amurka; wani kuma, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yakin basasa na Spain a kan aro daga Ƙasar Kwallon Ƙasar ta Spain a Toledo, Spain, da kuma Abwehr Enigma mai ban sha'awa da Jamusanci ke amfani dasu.
- SG41 - na'ura mai mahimmanci na Jamus wanda aka yi nufin maye gurbin Enigma. Wannan na'ura ta rinjayi masana a Bletchley
- Colossus, karatun farko, karatun ketare na kwamfuta da kuma kwamfutar lantarki na farko na duniya. Kolosius ya taimaka wa kwamandojin Allied su tabbatar da cewa Jamus sun lalace saboda rashin sanin cewa sun ɓoye D-Day saukowa.
- A sake fasalin Bombe machine, wani kwamfutar farko, wanda ya sanya ya canza yawan lambobin Enigma saƙonni yiwu.
- Hanyoyin da ke nuna tarihin Bletchley Park, 'yan leƙen asirin, abubuwan asiri da kuma ayyukan tsaro, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru daga lokuta na zamani da kayan wasan kwaikwayon zuwa fasaha mara waya ta hanyar fasaha.
- Ofisoshin Asirin, wanda ya yi aiki da mutane 12,000 da suka rayu da kuma aiki a Bletchley Park amma ya kasance cikin sirri har sai da wani bidiyon a shekarar 1998.
- Ƙungiyar Tarihin Kayan Gida ta Musamman - ƙungiyoyi dabam-dabam, tare da cajin da aka raba, wanda ya shafi tarihin tarihin Birtaniya, abubuwan ci gaba da masarufi.
Alan Turing - Bletchley Park ta Unsung Hero:
Alan Turing wani masanin lissafi ne, masanin kimiyya da kuma cryptanalyst. Shi ne babban matata na farko na komputa wadda Turing mai aiki, a cikin shekarun 1930, shine misali na farko na aiki da kullin kwamfuta. Ya kirkiro manufar "algorithm" da kuma "lissafi". Turing ya taimaka wajen taimakawa na'ura ta bama-bamai wanda ya sanya dubban saƙonnin da aka sanya a Bletchley. A watan Janairun 1940, na'ura mai amfani da bomb mai suna Turing ya tsara rubutun Enigma na farko.
Amma duk da yadda yake da basirar da aka ba shi, labarin Turing shine daya daga cikin bala'in tarihin gay. Turing an yarda da ɗan kishili a lokacin da aka yi wa 'yan luwadi ɓarna a Birtaniya. A shekara ta 1952, an yi masa hukunci saboda rashin lalatawa bayan ya yi rahoton wani saurayi wanda ya yi ɗan gajeren dangantaka. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa kuma, a matsayin madadin hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, an yarda da maganin hormones mata. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a 1954, ya mutu daga guba na cyanide. Kodayake mai cututtukan kisa ya yanke hukuncin mutuwar kansa, mahaifiyarsa da sauran abokansa sunyi imanin cewa wani hatsari ne. A shekara ta 2009, Firaministan kasar Gordon Brown, ya ba da wata gafarar jama'a ga lafiyar Turing.
Kuna iya koyo game da Turing, rayuwarsa da kuma taimako ga cryptology da kimiyyar kwamfuta a Bletchley.
Wane ne zai iya jin dadin ziyarar Bletchley Park ?:
Geeks na komputa, magoya bayan tarihi na soja, masu ilimin lissafi da masu lissafin lissafi za su ziyarci Bletchley Park mai ban sha'awa. Ƙwararru ta Junior da cryptogram Fans za su son shi Kullum abubuwan da suka faru, iyali Kwanaki kwana, sake gyara, nune-nunen lokaci ba tare da biranen tafiya ba Bletchley Park mai ban sha'awa ga sauran 'yan gidan da za su iya gano cewa su masu tsalle-tsalle ne bayan duk.
Abinda ke Bukata don Bletchley Park da National Museum of Computing:
Bletchley
- A ina: The Mansion, Bletchley Park, Sherwood Drive, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK3 6EB. Idan amfani da SatNav, yi amfani da adireshin titi amma ba code post ba, wanda zai iya haifar da kai a cikin hanya mara kyau.
- Tarho: +44 (0) 1908 640404
- Admission: Adult, caca da tikiti na iyali har da tikiti ga yara 12-16. Yara a karkashin 12 an shigar da su kyauta kuma kungiyoyin yara ta hanyar tsara ta farko.
- Hours: Kowace rana sai dai Kirsimeti Kirsimeti ta hanyar Rumbar Day da Sabuwar Shekara. Hours na dare, 9:30 na safe zuwa 4pm daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba zuwa Feb 28. Yawan bude rana zuwa 5pm daga Maris 1 zuwa Oktoba 31
- Yanar Gizo
- Facilities: Cafe a Hut 4, inda Naftar codebreakers a halin yanzu aiki. Taron yawon shakatawa da aka haɗa a cikin farashin shiga.
National Museum of Computing
- A ina: Block H a Bletchley Park
- Babban Bayanan Labarai: +44 (0) 1908 374708
- Admission: Raba kudin shiga don dukan TMOC ko, rage, don Colossus da Tunny. Kudin kuɗi na tsofaffi da dalibai. Yara a karkashin 12 free. Abokan baƙi zuwa TMOC ba dole ba ne su biya kudin shiga na Bletchley Park don shigar da Estate Bletchley.
- Hours: Colossus da Tunny (wani aikin WWII code breaking operation) bude kowace rana. Sauran shagali na Alhamis da Asabar daga 1 zuwa 4 na yamma a cikin hunturu da kuma 5pm a summerl
- Yanar Gizo
- Facilities: Coffee da kyauta shagon, Tours shiryarwa don raba raba.