Jesuit Ofishin Jakadanci na Kudancin Amirka
Firistoci na Jama'a na Yesu, waɗanda aka fi sani da suna Jesuits, waɗanda suka ci gaba da jerin ayyuka a cikin abin da yanzu Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay da Paraguay suna da ƙananan ra'ayi cewa wata rana rushewar ƙungiyoyi, babba ko ƙanana, kasance a kan yanayin yawon shakatawa.
Masu ziyara sun zo ga wuraren da aka lalatar da su, da yawancin majami'u, da hotunan da aka zana daga al'adu na Turai na yini, da kuma hanyar tausayi, masu kirkiro wadanda suka sanya ayyukan Jesuit a matsayin bambanci ga gudanar da al'ummomi a ko'ina. a Latin America.
Don samun izini ga tsarin manufar ƙaddarar da aka yi wa al'ummomin da ake aiki da su a kan aikin su, sai Yesuits ya ba da labari game da ra'ayin da ake kira kowace ƙungiya, wanda ake kira reducción ko rage a Portuguese, a matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki Ƙaddamar da aikin don kawo addinin Roman Katolika ga al'ummomin asali, mafi yawansu kabilan Guaraní, ta hanyar koyarwar ruhaniya, ilimi, cinikayya da kasuwanci. Wadannan ayyukan zasu haifar da haraji ga kambiyar Mutanen Espanya a matsayin "biya" don barin yankunan a hannun Yesuit. Akwai firistoci guda biyu da aka ba kowannensu, kowannensu yana da nauyin rarrabe.
A Guaraní manoma ne da suna suna masu jarumi. A karkashin tsarin ragecciyar , sun zauna a cikin gida kuma sun kawo kwarewar aikin gona tare da su. Sun koyi ilimin ilimi da fasaha irin su gwangwani, tanning fata, gyare-gyare, zane-zane, gyaran littafi da kuma shirye-shiryen rubuce rubuce.
Sauran 'yan mata da aka ba da gudummawa sun sami ci gaba, koyarwar gargajiya. Jama'ar Guaraní da sauri sun zama sanannun, kuma halayen haɓakawa sun zama sanannun suna Guaraní baroque. Indiyawa sun yi aiki a yankunan gari, suna da kwanan wata aiki tare da lokacin da ake bin bukukuwa, wasanni, ilimi da kiɗa.
Ci gaba da kerawa da fasaha ya jagoranci majami'u da kuma gine-gine a cikin ayyukan. Hakazalika, Krista sun kare kabilu daga "mummunar tasiri" da kuma amfani da mutanen Turai. A sakamakon haka, tun da yake waɗannan yankuna na kudancin Amirka sun kasance daga nesa daga ƙananan Spanish da Portuguese, sai Yesuits ya kafa yankunansu masu iko.
A cikin shekaru 150 da suka wuce, aikin ya kara girma a cikin ƙananan biranen, ƙarfin tattalin arziki da cibiyoyin ilimi da fasaha ga ƙananan Indiya. Yanci na ragewa ne da suka dace, amma duk sun raba wannan shirin. Gudun ƙauyen kauye tare da gicciye da kuma mutum-mutumin na mai kula da aikin sa ido, Ikilisiya, koleji, coci da kuma gidaje ga mazaunan India. Kowace ragecciyar ta kuma samar da gida ga mata da maza, a asibiti, da kuma tarurruka masu yawa don samar da kayan fasaha da kuma manyan wuraren ajiya.
Yayin da suke girma, birane da ke cikin birane sun faɗakar da Spain, Portugal, da kuma Paparoma Clement XIV waɗanda suka ji tsoron cewa Yesuits ya kasance mai iko, mai zaman kanta. A 1756, sojojin Mutanen Espanya da Portuguese sun kai hari kan ayyukan, suka kashe mutane da yawa da barin raguwa da rage su. Wadanda suka tsira sun gudu, kuma an fitar da Jesuits daga Kudancin Amirka, kamar yadda suke daga sauran bangarori na duniya.
Duk da haka, ruhunsu ya kasance a cikin rushewar ayyuka da dama: guda goma sha shida a Argentina, bakwai a Paraguay da sau bakwai a abin da ke yanzu Brazil.
Shirin na farko sun kasance a Brazil, wanda aka fara a 1609, amma an watsar da shi a cikin karni na 1640 bayan da Paulistas ya yi ta faɗakarwa, daga Sao Paulo, wanda Yesuits ya kafa a 1554. Bayanan na karshe sun kasance masu shirye-shiryen da za su janye bandirantes , Portuguese da rabi 'yan asalin Indiya da suka fito daga Brazil.
A cikin Paraguay, tashar tashoshin yanar gizon sun kasance a tsakiya tsakanin kogin Tebicuary da Paraná a cikin yankunan Misiones da Itapúa yanzu. Dubi wannan taswira.
Na farko Yesuit Reducción a Paraguay yana cikin birnin San Ignacio de las Misiones, 226 Km daga Asunción. Gidan kayan tarihi na wakiltar wakiltar dukkanin Krista ne tare da cikakken ra'ayi na hanyar rayuwar mishan.
Ana zaune a birnin Santos Cosme y Damián, 342 Km daga Asunción, wannan manufa ta kasance mai kula da astronomical tare da makaranta.
Ana zaune a Santa María, 240 km daga Asunción, kusa da Ciudad de San Ignacio, an gina wannan aikin a babban sikelin. Yana da gidan kayan gargajiya tare da cikakkun bayanai game da gine da rayuwar yau da kullum.
Wannan manufa ita ce ɗaya daga cikin wuraren tarihi na tarihi mafi kyau. Gidajen Indiyawa sun haɗu da tsakiyar yankin inda akwai wuraren tunawa da gidan kayan gargajiya. Yana cikin birnin Santiago, wanda shine cibiyar Fiesta de la Tradición Misionera .
Ƙarin Paraguayan, Argentine, Bolivia, Brazilian da Uruguayis a shafi na gaba.
- Jesús del Tavarangué (1685)
An lasafta shi ne a matsayin Cibiyar Harkokin Duniya ta UNESCO a 1993, kuma yana cikin Ciudad de Jesús, wannan aikin yana cikin filin wasan kwaikwayon kuma yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka mayar da shi kuma ya ziyarci Yesuit reducciónes . - Santa Rosa de Lima (1698)
248 Km frim Asunción a cikin birnin Santa Rosa, wannan sanannen sanannen sanannun bayanin gine-gine da Capilla de Loreto. - Trinidad del Paraná (1706)
Har ila yau, an lasafta shi a matsayin mai suna Patrimonio Universal de la Humanidad da UNESCO a shekarar 1993, wannan shi ne ƙarshen wadanda suka rage a Jesu a Paraguay kuma shine wanda aka ziyarci sau da yawa. Ikilisiya mai girma, makaranta, tarurruka, gidaje, hurumi, kayan lambu da gidan kayan gargajiya suna ba da hankali ga rayuwar da falsafar manufa.Argentina:
Yawancin ayyukan da ke tsakanin yankunan Paraguayan da Brazil ne, a lardin Missiones. - San Jose de Lules
- San Ignacio Miní (1732)
- Majami'ar San Ignacio Miní, Nuestra Señora de Loreto, Santa Ana, Santa María La Mayor
- Corpus, San Carlos, San José, Martires, San Javier, Conception, Apostoles, Santo Tomé, Yapeiu, La Cruz, Candelaria
- Sao Lourenco Martir , wanda yanzu ake kira San Lorenzo a yankin Parana.
- San Nicolas , wanda aka kafa a asali a Brazil kuma ya koma ga abin da yake yanzu na Jakadancin bayan harin da bandirantes suka yi .
- Santa Ana , wanda aka kafa a Brazil kuma ya koma wannan shafin kusa da kogin Parana.
Bolivia:
Wakilan sun kasance a yankin Chiquitania daga Santa Cruz, gabas zuwa Río Grande zuwa iyakar kasar Brazil. An gabatar da ayyukan da aka gina tsakanin 1696 zuwa 1760 "Heritage Heritage" na kwamitin UNESCO na Heritage Heritage a shekarar 1990. - San Javier 1691, shine farkon Bolivian manufa. Ikilisiyarta "mai tsawo ce mai zurfi, rufin yana saukowa don haɓaka aiki a tarnaƙi da kuma ɗaki mai zurfi a gaban. Akwai muruwa a gefe ɗaya, tare da dutsen da aka bude ta katako. Ikilisiyar Ikklisiya ta zama mai sauƙi madaidaici tare da layi biyu na manyan ginshiƙai, kowanne ya zana daga itace guda, yana tafiya zuwa bagadin ƙonawa. An samo katako a launuka biyu, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa daga ƙasa, kuma baƙar fata daga soot. Sama da bagadin hadaya ne - ƙira ta hanyar Yesuit, amma mai dadi - gaya labarin labarin Jesuits. An kulle a lokacin da rana, da dare Ikilisiya ta zo da rai lokacin da wutar lantarki ke haskakawa tare da hasken kuma an rufe tuta don sabis na yamma. "
Kungiyar Jesuit ta Bolivia: - San Ramón
- San Ignacio de Velazco
- Concepción
- Santa Ana (1637)
- San José de Chiquitos
- San Jose
- San Francisco Javier, Conception, San Miguel, San Rafael
- Sao Joaquin (1747), San Estanislao (1747), Belen (1760)
Brazil:
- Sao Miguel Arcanjo (das Missoes) (1687) , kusa da birnin Santo Angelo, "An rubuta shi ne ta Unesco a matsayin Tarihin Duniya, rugujewar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar São Miguel ita ce babbar alama a kasar Brazil na mishan mishan. An tsara shi da firist na Jesuit da João Batista Promoli, Ikilisiya misali ne na gine-ginen baroque na mishaneri, wanda ka'idar Renaissance ta kafa ta Vignola ta Gusta a Roma. Mafi girman addini na gine-ginen addini a cikin yankunan Jesuit, har yanzu yana da gine-ginen ganuwar, shinge, zane-zane, facade da bakararru, kuma, a matsayin muhimmin tashar gine-ginen duniya, an kiyaye shi da mayar da shi ta Ma'aikatar Al'adu. Kusa da shi shi ne Museum of Missões, inda aka nuna kayan aikin da gine-gine kuma an sake gina ma'adinan da gidaje Indiya ta hanyar Lucio Costa. ".
- San Luis Gonzaga da Santo Angel Custodio Missions
- Santo Angelo (1706), Sao Francisco de Borja (1682), Sao Nicolau, Sao Luiz Gonzaga, Sao Lourenço Martir (1690), Sao Joao Batista (1697)
Uruguay:
- San Juan Bautista a halin yanzu Colonia de Sacramento, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar Portuguese.
don zuwa wani daga cikin ayyukan, duba jiragen daga yankinku. Hakanan zaka iya nema don hotels da kuma mota.
Kun ziyarci ayyukan Jesuit? Idan haka ne, raba abubuwan da ka samu tare da matsayi a cikin dandalin.
Buen viaje!