Ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, 1908, 'yan gudun hijirar Japan na farko sun isa Brazil, a Kasato Maru. Wani sabon zamani ya fara farawa da al'adun kabilar Brazil da kuma kabilanci, amma har abada ba shi da farko a cikin tunanin mutanen da suka isa sabuwar ma'aikata wadanda suka amsa gayyatar da yarjejeniyar shiga cikin kasar Japan da Brazil. Yawancin su sun yi tunanin tafiyar su a matsayin dan lokaci na wucin gadi - hanyar samun wadata kafin su koma ƙasarsu.
Tafiya daga Kobe zuwa tashar Santos, a Jihar São Paulo, ya kasance kwanaki 52. Bayan 781 ma'aikata da ke biye da yarjejeniyar shige da fice, akwai wasu fasinjoji 12 masu zaman kansu. An sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar Amincewa da Ciniki da Kewayawa a Paris a shekara ta 1895. Duk da haka, rikicin da ke cikin ƙananan kogin na Brazil wanda ya kasance har sai 1906 ya jinkirta shigarwa na farko a cikin baƙi.
A shekara ta 1907, sabuwar doka ta ba da izini ga kowace kasa ta Brazil ta kafa dokoki na shige da fice. São Paulo State ta ƙaddara cewa 3,000 na Japan zasu iya yin hijira a tsawon shekaru uku.
Saga fara
Kasar Japan ta shiga manyan canje-canje a karkashin Sarki Meiji (Mutsuhito), mai mulkin daga 1867 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1912, wanda ya dauki kansa don inganta rayuwar Japan. Wasu abubuwan da suka faru a wannan lokaci sun shafi tattalin arziki a fili. A cikin sauyawa daga karni na goma sha tara zuwa karni na 20, Japan ta sha wahala a kan yakin War War-Japanese na farko (1894-1895) da Russo-Japan War (1904-1905).
Daga cikin matsalolin da ake fuskanta, kasar tana kokarin gwagwarmayar dawo da sojoji.
A halin yanzu, masana'antar kofi a kasar Brazil suna girma da kuma bukatar yawan ma'aikata, saboda wani ɓangare na 'yantar da bawa a shekara ta 1888, ya sa gwamnatin Brazil ta bude tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa fice.
Kafin jigilar hijirar Japan, yawancin ƙauyukan Turai sun shiga Brazil.
A cikin farkon shekarar 2008 da aka nuna game da shige da fice na Japan a Brazil a Coffee Museum a Santos, wata takarda ta nuna wuraren asalin baƙi a Kasato Maru:
- Okinawa
- Fukushima
- Kagoshima
- Kumamoto
- Hiroshima
- Yamaguchi
- Aichi
- Ehime
- Kochi
- Miyagi
- Niigata
- Tokyo
An tallafawa gwamnatin kasar Brazil daga tafiya zuwa Japan zuwa Brazil. Tallafa wa'adin tallafin talla a Brazil zuwa jama'ar Japan sun yi alkawarin samun nasara ga dukan masu son yin aiki a gonakin kofi. Duk da haka, sabbin ma'aikata da suka zo nan da nan za su gane waɗannan alkawuran ƙarya ne.
Zuwan Brazil
An yi a Japan, wani littafi na Brazil game da rayuwar Nikkei (Jafananci da zuriya), ya ruwaito cewa an fara rubuce-rubucen farko na baƙi na kasar Japan a cikin littafin rubutu na J. Amâncio Sobral, mai kula da shige da fice na Brazil. Ya lura da tsabtace halayyar 'yan baƙi, da haquri, da halayyar halayya.
Bayan isowa a Santos, an samu 'yan gudun hijirar a Kasato Maru a mazaunin baƙi. An tura su zuwa São Paulo, inda suka yi kwana a wani ɗakin kwana kafin a kai su gonakin kofi.
Harsh Reality
Aminiya na Shige da Fice na yau a São Paulo, bisa gine-gine wanda ya maye gurbin mazaunin mazaunin farko, yana da misalin gidan Japan a kan gonar kofi.
Ko da yake baƙi na kasar Japan sun kasance a cikin yanayi na fariya a kasar Japan, wadanda ba za su iya kwatanta da ɗakunan katako ba tare da ƙazantar da suke jiran su a Brazil.
Matsanancin halin rayuwa a kan gonakin kofi - rashin dacewar zama, aiki mai tsanani, kwangilar da ke ɗaure ma'aikata ga yanayin rashin adalci, kamar sayen kayayyaki a farashin keta daga gidajen shaguna - ya sa mutane da yawa baƙi su warware wannan kwangila kuma su gudu.
Bisa ga bayanai daga Museum of Immigration na kasar Liberdade, São Paulo, wanda ACCIJB ya buga - Ƙungiyar ta Celebrations of Immigration Immigration a Brazil, aka yi wa ma'aikata kaya shida na Kasato Maru ma'aikata. A watan Satumba na 1909, baƙi kawai 191 sun kasance a wannan gonaki. Rashin gonar farko da za a bari a cikin adadi mai yawa shine Dumont, a garin Dumont, SP.
A cewar Estações Ferroviárias ya yi Brasil, kafin zuwan farko daga cikin baƙi na kasar Japan da gonar Dumont wani lokaci ya kasance daga mahaifin Alberto Santos Dumont, shugaban majalisa na Brazil. Gidan tashar jiragen ruwa na Dumont mai aiki wanda duniyar farko na kasar Japan ya isa ya tsaya.
Shige da fice ta ci gaba
A ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1910, ƙungiya ta biyu na baƙi na kasar Japan sun isa Santos a Ryojun Maru. Sun fuskanci matsaloli irin wannan don daidaitawa ga rayuwa a gonakin kofi.
A cikin takarda ta "Kasancewa 'Jafananci' a Brazil da Okinawa", masanin zamantakewa Kozy K. Amemiya ya bayyana yadda ma'aikatan Japan da suka bar gonakin kofi na São Paulo suka kai har zuwa arewa maso gabas da sauran yankunan nesa, samar da ƙungiyoyi masu goyan baya waɗanda zasu zama babban mahimmanci a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya na rayuwar Japan a Brazil.
Kasato maru mai wucewa wanda ya wuce shi shine Tomi Nakagawa. A shekara ta 1998, lokacin da kasar Brazil ta yi bikin cika shekaru 90 na jigilar jigilar Japan, tana da rai kuma yana cikin raye-raye.
Gaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade
A cikin 1980, saga na farko daga cikin baƙi na kasar Japan a Brazil sun kai allon azurfa tare da gizon fim din Tizuka Yamazaki Gaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade , wani fina-finai a cikin tarihin kakar kakarta. A 2005, labarin ya ci gaba da Gaijin - Ama-me como Sou .
Don ƙarin bayani game da al'ummar Nikkei a Brazil, ziyarci Bunkyo a São Paulo, inda Gidan Gidajen Jakadancin Japan yake.