Tambayoyi da yawa game da Lobbying
Matsayin da tasiri na mai shiga tsakani yana fahimta. Wace masana'antu ke amfani da mafi kyawun lobbying? Yaya mutum ya zama mai lobbyist? Karanta waɗannan tambayoyin da akai-akai da kuma koya duk game da su.
Mene ne mai lobbyist?
Wani mai shiga tsakani ne mai neman aiki wanda ke neman ya rinjayi 'yan majalisar (kamar membobin majalisar) don aiwatar da dokokin da zasu amfane su. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwar sune wani ɓangaren halattaccen ɓangare na tsarin siyasa na dimokuradiyya wanda yawancin jama'a ba su fahimta sosai ba.
Duk da yake mafi yawan mutane suna tunanin masu ba da izini kawai kamar yadda aka biya masu sana'a, akwai kuma masu aikin sa kai masu yawa. Duk wanda ya roki gwamnati ko ya tuntubi mambobin majalisa don yin magana da wani ra'ayi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai kulawa. Lobbying ne masana'antun sarrafawa da kuma aikin karewa a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Mulki na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka wanda ya ba da dama ga 'yancin magana, taro, da takarda.
Lobbying ya ƙunshi fiye da rinjaye majalisar. Masu binciken masu sana'a na bincike da nazarin ka'idoji ko shawarwari, sun halarci taron majalisa, da kuma ilmantar da jami'an gwamnati da kamfanoni kan muhimman al'amura. Har ila yau, masu haɗin kan suna aiki don canza ra'ayi ta jama'a ta hanyar tallafin talla ko ta hanyar rinjayar 'shugabannin ra'ayoyin'.
Wanene ma'aikatan lobbyists ke aiki?
Masu haɓaka suna wakiltar kowane ɗayan ƙungiyoyi na Amurka da kungiyoyi masu tasowa - ƙungiyoyi, hukumomi, kolejoji da jami'o'i, majami'u, agaji, kungiyoyin muhalli, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, har ma da jihohi, na gida ko na kasashen waje.
Wace masana'antu ke amfani da mafi kyawun lobbying?
A cewar OpenSecrets.org, bayanan da Majalisar Dattijai ta Jama'a ta rubuta. Aikin masana'antu 10 na 2016 sune:
Pharmaceuticals / Products lafiya - $ 63,168,503
Assurance - $ 38,280,437
Electric Utilities - $ 33,551,556
Kasuwancin Kasuwanci - $ 32,065,206
Oil & Gas - $ 31,453,590
Mfg & Kayan lantarki - $ 28,489,437
Tsaro da Zuba jari - $ 25,425,076
Asibitoci / Nursing Homes - $ 23,609,607
Jirgin Air - $ 22,459,204
Ma'aikatan Lafiya - $ 22,175,579
Yaya mutum ya zama mai lobbyist? Wani batu ne ko horarwa ake bukata?
Masu haɗin kai sun fito daga dukkanin rayuwa. Mafi yawan kwalejin kwaleji ne, kuma mutane da dama suna da digiri na digiri. Mutane da yawa masu kula da harkokin gida suna fara aiki a Capitol Hill a wani ofishin majalisa. Dole ne masu haɗin gwiwar yin amfani da ƙwarewar sadarwa da sanin ilimin majalisa da kuma masana'antun da suke wakiltar. Duk da yake ba a samu horon horo ba don zama wakilin lobbyist, Gwamnatin Jihar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta ba da kyautar Lobbying Certificate, shirin ci gaba da ilimi wanda ke taimaka wa dukkanin matasan halayen su inganta ilimin ka'idoji da kuma aikin haɓaka.
Yawancin masu saurare suna samun kwarewa yayin da suke karatun koleji a kan Capitol Hill. Dubi jagora zuwa Birnin Washington, DC Kasuwanci - Saki kan Capitol Hill.
Dole ne a yi rajistar wani mai kula da lobbyist?
Tun 1995, Dokar Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) ta buƙaci mutane da aka biya don biyan bukatun a tarayya don yin rajista tare da Sakataren Majalisar Dattijai da kuma Kwamishinan House. Kamfanoni masu ladabi, ma'aikata masu aiki da kuma kungiyoyi da ke amfani da masu aiki a cikin gida suna bada rahotanni na yau da kullum game da aiki.
Yaya mutane da yawa a cikin Washington, DC?
Tun daga shekara ta 2016, akwai kimanin mutane 9,700 masu rajista a cikin jihohi da tarayya.
Yawancin manyan kamfanoni masu tayar da hankali da kuma kungiyoyi masu tallafi suna kan K Street a Downtown Washington, DC
Wadanne hane-hane ne a kan kyaututtuka ta hannun 'yan majalisa ga' yan majalisa?
Dokar kyauta ta kyauta ta nuna cewa memba na majalisa ko ma'aikatan su ba za su yarda da kyauta daga mai ba da rajista ba ko wata kungiya da ke aiki da masu aiki. Kalmar "kyauta" tana rufe duk wani kyauta, ƙauna, rangwame, nishaɗi, karimci, rance, ko wani abu yana da darajar kuɗi.
A ina ne kalmar "lobbyist" ta zo daga?
Shugaba Ulysses S. Grant ya yi amfani da wannan kalma mai suna Lobbyist a farkon shekarun 1800. Grant yana da sha'awar Willard Hotel a Washington DC kuma mutane za su kusace shi a wurin don tattauna batutuwan mutum.
Ƙarin Bayanai Game da Lobbying
- Gidajen Bude - Cibiyar Siyasa Siyasa - Wani jagora mai ba da kyauta mai kulawa da bayar da kudade a zaben Amurka da kuma manufofin jama'a, ciki har da ayyukan haɗin kai
- Ofishin Kwamishinan - Bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da Dokar Lobbying Disclosure Act na 1995, tsarin rijistar lobbying
- Cibiyar Gudanar da Gwamnati - Shirin Gudanar da Gudanar da Gwamnatin, wani babban jami'in tsaro mai zaman kansa wanda ba shi da kariya, wanda ya jagoranci kyawawan tsare-tsare na gwamnati don cimma wata gwamnatin tarayya mai inganci, da cikakken bayani, budewa, da kuma ta'aziyya.
- Lobbyingfirms.com - Gudanarwa na masana'antun masana'antu