Yi amfani da Dokar Taimako da Taimakawa Ayyuka a Michigan
Lokacin da yake fuskantar matsalar tattalin arzikin da ke barazanar rufe gwamnatin jihar, majalisar dokoki ta Michigan ta ba da wani gyare-gyare ga dokar haraji, wanda zai ba da haraji ga yawancin ayyuka a kan 12/1/07.
Matsayi / Aiwatarwa
Asusun haraji na kashi 6% ya fuskanci 'yan adawa nan da nan. A gaskiya ma, an gabatar da takardun Senate guda biyu da za su jinkirta da / ko sake soke gyare-gyare zuwa Dokar Taimako da ke amfani da harajin sabis.
Shi ne lissafi na gida (HB5408) wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi, duk da haka, saboda ya haɗa da hanyar samun kuɗi. Majalisar Dattijan da House ta shige ta a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, 2007, kawai bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan bayan gyaran harajin sabis ya sami tasiri. Gwamna Granholm ya sanya hannu a kan dokar a ranar Talata, Disamba 4th, kuma an sanya shi Dokar Shari'a ta 145 na 2007.
PA 145'07 ta sake soke dokar gyaran harajin haraji don tallafawa gyare-gyare ga Dokar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, ba kalla shi ne shigar da ƙarin karuwar kasuwanci wanda zai zama tasiri a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2008.
SB 845 sun keta gidaje a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba kuma suna bayar da kudade ga duk wanda ake tuhuma a haraji a ranar Asabar, 1 ga Disamba, 2007.
Bayanin
Me ya sa haraji sabis? Musamman saboda fadada harajin tallace-tallace zuwa sabis na samar da sabon kudaden shiga. Har ila yau, ya fi dacewa da nuna tattalin arziki a Michigan, wanda ke canzawa daga motar mota dangane da tattalin arzikin sabis / bayani.
Samun zuwa wasu ƙasashe
Duk jihohin da ake zargi suna da haraji da ke tasiri ga "sabis," ciki har da Michigan ( Duba 1996 Taimakon Ciniki na Ayyuka, shafi na 12 ), amma yawancin ba su da cikakken tsarin biyan kuɗi.
Daga wa] annan jihohin da suka yi, mafi yawancin suna kwance shi a cikin sharuɗɗan sharuɗɗa kuma suna amfani da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Bisa ga jerin rubutun tallace-tallace na Wikipedia a cikin Amurka, mafi sananne shine New Mexico tare da kashi 7% a duk fadin duniya inda ake karɓar haraji a kan kamfanoni. Ohio ya kira su da harajin aikin kasuwanci. Yawancin jihohi, ciki har da Hawaii, Maine, Washington State da Texas, sun danganta haraji ga harkokin kasuwanci.
Daga jihohin da suke amfani da harajin sabis kamar tsawo na harajin tallace-tallace, yana da matsalolin da ba a kula ba. A gaskiya ma, Florida ta soke harajin sabis na 1987 a cikin shekara. Tabbas, masu adawa da harajin haraji suna dogara ne akan yadda ake amfani da ita sosai, ko ana biyan haraji a gwargwadon jirgi da kuma sauƙin bayar da rahoto.
Lura: A mafi yawan bangarori, duk jihohi suna kawar da ayyukan masu sana'a.
Tarihi a Michigan
Michigan ta kafa Dokar Amfani da Yin amfani da shi a 1937 don rufe ƙoƙarin madauki game da samfurori da aka saya daga wasu jihohi. A cewar rahoton Michigan Sales and Use Tax, a shekara ta 2003, ana amfani da harajin amfani ta hanyar gyara a tsawon shekaru. Kamar yawancin jihohi, ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari don karɓar kudaden shiga da yawa ya ɓata layin tsakanin samfurori da ayyuka. Alal misali, sadarwar tarho, hayar gidan otel da kuma aikin haɗin gine-gine sun yi amfani da harajin amfani da Michigan na tsawon shekaru.
Sharuɗɗa na Farko
Manufar gabatar da takardar haraji ta aiki ta kasance mai maimaitawa a jiharmu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A shekara ta 2003, Red Cedar Coalition, wanda Ƙungiyar Ilimi na Michigan ta kasance mamba ne, ta dauki nauyin harajin sabis na 1% mafi sauƙi don musanya kashi 1 cikin dari na harajin tallace-tallace.
An gabatar da wannan batu a farkon wannan shekara bayan bayanan Standard & Poor rahotanni sun rage yawan bashi na Michigan kuma sun yi gargadi game da sakamakon kudade na kudade wanda ya haifar da sake gurfanar da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Michigan da kuma matsalar tattalin arzikin kasa. A kokarin kokarin daidaita ma'auni, Gwamna ya ba da umurni ga kashi 2% na harajin sabis na kusan dukkanin sabis sai dai wadanda ke cikin sassa na ilimi da magani. ( Lura: Link ba samuwa ). An gabatar da wannan shawara tare da masu adawa da wasu masana'antu da dama.
Ayyuka da Aikata Aikata Aikatawa
Bisa ga gaggawar da majalisar za ta yi a watan Satumba na 2007 - gwamnatin jihar za ta rufe ba tare da yanke shawara ga kasafin kuɗi ba - kashi 6% harajin tallace-tallace ne kawai aka ba da shi ga yawancin ayyuka. Ganin gudun da aka zaɓa da sabis, damuwa ta al'amuran shine ko an yi amfani da sabis ne a kan tsaka-tsaki ko kuma a cikin hankalin masu amfani da masana'antu.
Categories of Services Taxed
Ayyukan da suke ƙarƙashin haraji a ƙarƙashin aikin sun faɗi cikin nau'o'i da yawa. Sashe na farko shi ne sabis na kasuwancin kai tsaye. Wadannan ayyuka sune kwangilar kwangila tsakanin kasuwanci daya zuwa wani, irin su kwafin / bugu, yin shawarwari, rubutu da sauransu.
Sauran nau'ukan da suke ƙarƙashin haraji sun fāɗi a ƙarƙashin mafi girma na "ayyuka na sirri" kuma sun haɗa da ƙayyadaddun ra'ayi ko ayyuka na alatu, da "sauran ayyuka na sirri" kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin tsarin Amintattun masana'antu na Arewacin Amirka. A wasu kalmomi, ana ba da sabis na sirri da ake biyan haraji saboda an dauke su ba mahimmanci ba. Alal misali, astrology, ɗaukar kulla kulla, shiryawa, gyaran fuska da fuskokinsa sun haɗa, amma kula da gashi da tsararru na musamman an cire su.
Tsaya a waje akan jerin harajin haraji:
- Rage Rage da Rikuni - Da aka ba da wannan haɓaka da kuma ƙididdigar albashin haraji na tarayya an zabe su a hankali don inganta wasu dabi'u, zaɓin zaɓi na musamman na ayyukan da suka danganci ƙaddara-nauyin da kuma biyan haraji da jihohin da ke da alaƙa ya hana / kullun lambobin da suka danganci kyau kiwon lafiya da aure.
- Travel / Tourism - A cikin jihohin da ake fama da shi na kasafin kuɗi, harajin ayyukan yawon shakatawa suna nuna alamun.
- Gudun kan - Daya daga cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka sanya a karkashin kayan gyare-gyare yana gudana. Ko dai kuna yin tsallewa a cikin jerin, ko kuma golf ba a nan ba. Zai yiwu mazatattun da wakilai suyi la'akari da aikin golf kamar wani muhimmin aiki.
- Hakikanin Gida - Bayan yakin da masana'antun jari-hujja suka yi a farkon wannan shekarar da suka kalubalanci Gwamna Granholm ta kashi 2% na harajin haraji, ba a haɗa kayan haɗin gine-gine a cikin gyare-gyaren.
- Harkokin lobbyist na iya shawo kan waɗannan ayyukan da ake biyan kuɗi.
- Ra'ayoyin da aka samu yana da yawa.
- Tashin haraji na iya tabbatar da cewa ita ce ATM ta majalisar dokoki lokacin da matsala ta kasafin kuɗi ta kasance.
- Ayyukan ba su fāɗuwa cikin tsarin masana'antu da kuma kaya na tallace-tallace / amfani da haraji. Tallafin da ake amfani da ita ga ayyukan kasuwancin kai tsaye zai iya haifar da haraji akan haraji ga ƙananan kasuwancin.
- Ƙananan ƙananan kasuwancin zasu iya rinjayar da su saboda suna da damar yin bayani game da haraji.
- Harajin sabis ɗin kamar yadda aka wuce zai iya tabbatar da rahoton ciwon kai. Hanyar lokaci mai tsawo na iya zama cewa mutane suna canjawa daga matsayi na 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu zuwa aikin al'ada.
- Tashin haraji zai iya rinjayar bukatar sabis da / ko matakai da aka ba wa masu aikin sabis.