Daga Fenians zuwa Matalauta - A Short Survey
Ƙaddamar da "Rundunar Republican Irish", ko a takaice na IRA, ba ta da sauƙi kamar yadda alama - a cikin tunanin jama'a da kuma farfagandar kai tsaye, da dama kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi da dama sun rutsa da su a ƙarƙashin wannan lokaci. Abin da ke kula da ruwa ya ƙare har zuwa ƙarshe. Kuma ƙarshen ba a gani ba, kamar yadda "IRA flavor of the month" kungiyoyi masu rarraba suna bayyana tare da rikici, suna da'awar ɗayan, ainihin taken don ayyukansa.
Ga wasu ƙungiyoyi masu raguwa da ake kira "Rundunar Republican Irish", tare da ko kuma ba tare da karin matakai ba:
Rundunar Republican Irish - 1866 zuwa 1870
Bayan Bayan War tsakanin Amurka, a shekarun da suka gabata tsakanin 1866 zuwa 1870, 'yan uwa na Fenian na Amurka suka kafa kuma suka aiwatar da "Fenian Raids". Wadannan su ne hare-haren da ba a samu ba a kan dakarun Birtaniya da na kwastam a Kanada, sun fara fatan ganin sun matsa wa Birtaniya su janye daga Ireland. Ainihin hare-haren da aka yi a Fenians, wasu sun nuna cewa suna da tufafi na kore (kuma ba haka ba ne daidai da tufafi na rundunar rundunar soja) - maballin da ke nuna alamar "IRA" ga Ƙasar Republican Irish. Har ila yau, sakonni tare da wannan salon suna kallon an ɗauka (ko akalla tsara).
Rundunar Republican Irish - 1916 zuwa 1920s
Rikicin "Rundunar Republican Irish" (ko akalla juyo-nau'i zuwa wannan sakamako) ya kasance amfani da ita a lokacin Easter Rising na 1916, lokacin da sojojin haɗin gwiwar Irish Volunteers da Ƙasar Citizen Irish suka yi ƙoƙarin kawar da mulkin Birtaniya a Ireland.
Bayan kayarwa, sauran 'yan tawaye sun sake shirya kuma daga 1918 a kai a kai suna kiran kansu a matsayin Rundunar Republican ta Irish - dakarun sojan kasar Ireland a matsayin kasa da ke ƙasa. Daga 1919 zuwa 1921 wannan sojojin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Irish ya yi yaƙi da sojojin Birtaniya a yakin basasa, da Anglo-Irish War ko Irish War of Independence.
Lokacin da wannan ya ƙare tare da Yarjejeniyar , sassan Jamhuriyar Republican na Irish sun zama 'yan bindiga na yau da kullum na Free State, yayin da wadanda suka saba da bangare suka kafa Jamhuriyar Irish Jamhuriyyar Republican ... wadda ta yi yaki da' yan tawaye. Ko da bayan shan kashi, da dama a cikin Jamhuriyar Republican Irish sun yi iƙirarin cewa su, ba Dail Eireann ba, sun wakilci gwamnatin gaskiya na Ireland.
Rundunar Republican Irish - Ƙarƙashin Rundunar Soja har zuwa shekarun 1960
Rundunar Sojan Republican Irish ta ci gaba da kasancewa karkashin kasa bayan da aka yi nasara a yakin basasa na Irish , har yanzu yana cigaba da shirye-shiryen tashin hankali. Sauran hare hare, bombings da shoot-outs ya faru, duka a Ireland da kasashen waje. Duk da yake ci gaba da ikirarin 'yanci biyu a matsayin "gwamnati na gaskiya" kuma a matsayin magajin ƙasar Irish kamar yadda aka bayyana a shekarar 1916, Rundunar Republican ta Irish ta zama babban tasirin ra'ayoyi, akidu da kuma masu fata. Canjin canji a yanzu kuma daga baya daga cikin 'yan Kwaminisanci don nuna haɗin kai tare da Nazi Jamus (duk abin da yake kare shi da farko "ta hanyar kowane mahimmanci" koyaswar da ke rarraba kowane abokan gaba na Birtaniya kamar yadda zai yiwu). Aikin "Border Campaign" a cikin shekarun 1950 da farkon shekarun 1960 ne aikin karshe na soja na wannan rukuni na Jamhuriyar Republican Irish.
Kwanan nan 1960 - Raba IRA da IRA
A cikin shekarun 1960s, jagorancin Rundunar Sojan Republican Irish ya sake komawa da ra'ayin kwaminisanci da zamantakewar al'umma, inda ya kori koyarwar taimakawa ta bangaren 'yan kasa kawai maimakon maimakon neman juyin juya hali. Wanda ya kasa yin amfani da kayan aiki, yafi saboda lalatawa a yankin Ireland ta Arewa. A shekarar 1969, rabuwa ta raba.
Rundunar Sojan Republican ta Irish ta ci gaba da yaki da sojojin Birtaniya har zuwa 1972, sa'an nan kuma ta sanar da dakatar da tsagaita wuta. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya sanya mahimman labaran ta hanyar maganganu na siyasa da yawa, rikice-rikice na ciki tare da wasu 'yan Republican da yiwuwar shiga cikin aikata laifuka. Sai kawai a shekarar 2010 an kwashe shi.
Rundunar Republican ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya , wanda aka fi sani da PIRA ko "Proos", ya yi yawa a hare-haren makamai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kuma ya gina tushen siyasa ta hanyar Sinn Fein.
Duk da yake da farko ya shiga cikin fada da sojojin Birtaniya, PIRA na da hannu a "ayyukan gine-gine" da za a iya gani a matsayin shiga cikin aikata laifuka da kuma kulawa. Da tashin hankali na Sinn Fein, PIRA ya zama abin alhakin kuma ya yarda da amincewa da tsagaita wuta a shekara ta 1997, wanda ya jagorantar yarjejeniyar Jumma'a ta Good Friday. A watan Yulin 2005, Sojojin Republican na wucin gadi sun sanar da ƙarshen yakin basasa da kuma kashe duk makamai.
Wani rukuni na rukuni ya kasance 'Yan Jarida na Irish National Liberation Army.
Dissidents - Cira da RIRA
Tare da Jami'an Sojan Republican Irish da Dattijai na yau da kullum na sannu-sannu sannu-sannu suna fitowa daga bullet zuwa jefa kuri'a, masu tayarwa a inda (kamar yadda ake sa ran) sun raunana kuma suka fara rabu da "tsohuwar tsari". An kafa kungiyoyi da dama - sau da yawa ba a bayyana a fili ba ko waɗannan bangarori ne daban, inda akwai matsala da kuma ainihin ainihin manufar kungiyar ita ce ... bambance-bambancen da ake da'awar da'awar akida a "Free United Ireland".
Kungiyoyi biyu masu ɓatattun suna da'awar sunan Irish Republican Army kuma saboda haka halattacce:
- An cigaba da Kamfanin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Irish (Ci gaba na IRA ko CIRA) a matsayin rukuni na kungiyar IRA a shekara ta 1986, amma bai yi aiki ba har sai da tsagaita wuta ta 1994. CIRA har yanzu yana dauke da makamai da kuma karfi, ƙarfinsa da arsenal ba a sani ba. A cikin ruhun Jamhuriyar Republican, CIRA ta kirkiro ƙungiyoyi masu yawa da suka ce sun zama ɗaya, gaskiya IRA.
- Rundunar Sojan Republican na Real Irish (Real IRA ko RIRA) wani rukuni ne wanda ya rabu da IRA, wanda ya kasance a 1997 bayan yunkurin tsagaita wuta. RIRA shine mafi girma da kuma mafi mahimmanci daga ɓangarorin da ba su da haɓaka. Yana da alhakin kisan gilla a Omagh a shekarar 1998.