Yadda za a ga kayan aikin Unicorn a New York, Paris da kuma Scotland

Budewa da tarihin tarihin tarihin shekaru 500

Yayinda yake da tsira da shekaru biyar na yaki da juyin juya halin, ɗakunan Unicorn Tapestries sun rataye a kan ganuwar Met Cloisters , ƙananan reshe mai suna Metropolitan Museum of Art a New York. Suna mamaye mai kallo a cikin gandun daji na daji kamar yadda labarin dabarar da ke tattare da kullun ya nuna abubuwan da suka faru, a cikin hotunan da aka tsara don rufe katangar wani katako na Renaissance. Hotuna suna nuna masu farauta suna bin launi a fadin filayen da gandun dajin don haka su ma suna da mabukaci, mai tsabta.

An sani kadan ko fahimta game da Tapestries. Abubuwa sun yawaita, amma babu zane, bayanin ko samfurin ya kasance daga abin da zai yiwu wani aiki na shekaru da yawa da 'yan fasaha ke gudana a fadin kasashen biyu. An saita a Met Cloisters da ake kira " Hunt for Unicorn " wani abu ne mai ban mamaki.

A Musée Cluny a birnin Paris , akwai matakan daban-daban da ake kira " The Lady and the Unicorn ". Wadanda ake zaton an saka su ne a cikin 1480s, har ma a kotu na Faransanci, amma a gaskiya, babu wanda ya san abin da suke nufi ko kuma inda aka nuna su ne kawai, sai dai da makamai na Jean le Viste, wani dan majalisa ne.

"La Lady da Unicorn" da aka sani sune farkon farkon karni na 18, amma ba sai marubucin Prosper Mérimée ya gan su ba a 1841 kuma ya ja hankalin su ga yanayin da suka rage. Sai marubucin George Sand ya san su kuma a 1847 ya rubuta wani labarin game da su, wanda ya kwatanta da zane da ɗanta ya yi. Sau biyu an sake buga shi game da "The Lady da Unicorn," har sai da Hukumar 'Yan Adam ta Tarihi ta saya su a 1882 don su rataya a cikin Musee des Thermes.

Bayani game da al'amuran mata, yarinya, karnuka, da biri da kuma kararraki, amma kamar Ƙungiyar Unicorn Tapis, ba a yarda da ka'idar ba. Wasu mutane sun ce sun kasance alamu ne na hanyoyi biyar. Wasu sun ce sun halicci yanayi na lambun da aka rufe a kan ganuwar ɗakin kwanyar mata. Amma ga wanene? Littafin "The Lady and the Unicorn" na Tracy Chevalier wani bincike ne mai ban mamaki na asiri.

Bayan da ya shafe shekaru goma sha uku yana karatu da yin magana game da "Hunt for Unicorn" Tapestries, ina fata za ku ji dadin wannan ɓoye na asirin da suke yin wannan kyawawan kayan kaɗaici har ma da kyau.

• 01 na 09

  An yi kayan ado na Unicorn kimanin 1500. Wataƙila.

  Kwanan wata da aka sanyawa zuwa halittar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Unicorn ta dogara ne a kan wani tsari. Wani takalmin gyare-gyare mai mahimmanci ya zama daidai, wanda mutane da yawa sun fara sawa daga cikin masu farauta da aka kwatanta a cikin Unicorn Tapestries da ke cikin faransanci tsakanin 1495 da 1505.

  Babu wanda ya san wanda ya yi Tapestries, inda ko kuma dalilin da ya sa aka yi su. Babu hotunan shirye-shirye, babu bayanin bayanai ko bayanan da aka rubuta game da wurin da za a nuna su. Kayan zane-zane (shirin da aka tsara don masu saƙa) bai wanzu ba. Babu wani abin da ya rage daga abin da ya kamata ya kasance mai tsawo tsakanin mai kulawa, mai sayarwa wanda zai jagoranci hukumar, da kuma bitar da ta haifar da su. Babu wani abu .

  Amma a nan ne abu; Tsarin kayan ado sune mafi kyawun kayayyaki, mafi kyawun zane-zane da za ku iya mallaka a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai. Yau, gidajen tarihi da ke da kayan tafe suna nuna su daban daga zane da zane-zane, suna fadada su zuwa wasu wurare na biyu wanda aka lazimta "Decorative Arts." Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne ga yawan kokarin da aikin da ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayon, ba tare da matsayi ba aka gudanar da kuma aika.

• 02 na 09

  An satar kayan ado na Unicorn a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa

  A shekara ta 1793, mutanen da suka tayar da hankali a juyin juya halin Faransa suka rushe ƙofofin gidansu na Rochefoucauld a Verteuil don su sace dangin Faransanci mai daraja na dukiyar su. Ginin da ke arewa maso gabashin kasar ya ci gaba da haskakawa a hanyar da suke kusa da hallaka. Maimakon barin Tapestries su ƙone, hawan sun sace su. Za a samo azurfa da zinariya da ake kira zane-zane mai tsarki daga irin wannan kayan ta hanyar sanya su a wuta. Saboda wannan al'ada ya kasance na kowa, an yi amfani da Ƙungiyar Unicorn Tap.

  Amma shekaru sittin bayan haka, wani dangin dangin Rochefoucauld yana ƙoƙari ya tara dukiyar da aka sace a lokacin juyin juya hali. (Labarin iyali ya ce matasan da aka rasa suna cewa an saka su ne don auren Francois VI Rochefoucauld da Marie du Barbizon.)

  Binciken ya kai ga sito inda wata mace ta bayyana wasu "tsohuwar tufafi" mijinta ya ajiye a cikin sito. A can ne ya samo kayan ado na Unicorn da ke zama a matsayin blankets tsage, tattered, amma mafi yawan gaske, yana rufe bishiyoyi na kayan lambu. An lalata su sosai a gefen gefuna kuma suna cike da ramuka, amma har yanzu sun fi yawa.

• 03 na 09

  Ta yaya ƙananan kayan aikin Unicorn ya ƙare a Birnin New York?

  A shekara ta 1925, kayan aikin Unicorn ya bar ƙasar Faransa don farko a cikin wani dandalin gallery a Manhattan. Philanthropist da mai daukar hoto John D. Rockefeller, Jr, ya gan su kuma ya so ya mallaki su ko da yake ba su sayarwa ba.

  Abin farin ciki ne, masanin zane-zane da masanin tarihin George Gray Barnard, wanda tarinsa shine ainihin magoya bayan Met Cloisters na yau, ya shiga don tattaunawa. Tun da yake ya zama dan wasa ga 'yan kasuwa na masu arziki a Amurka, ya san cewa iyalin Rouchfoucald sun so su ci gaba da kasancewa tare da sauran sauran iyalan Faransanci mai daraja da kuma gina ginin golf a kan mallakar su. An sayar da tallace-tallace da kuma kayan aikin Unicorn Tapis daga ƙasar Faransanci.

  Da farko an nuna su a gidan Rockefeller a kan titin 54th. David Rockefeller ya kwatanta ba da yawon shakatawa na Unicorn Tapestries ga baƙi a bikin auren 'yar uwarsa lokacin da yake dan shekaru takwas kawai.

  A lokacin da aka yi amfani da kayan da Rockefeller ya samu, mai kula da James Rorimer (wanda ka san matsayin hali na Matt Damon a cikin '' Monuments Men ') ya sanya ɗan takarda a kan wani tsari na ɗakunan da ke karanta "Unicorn Tapestries." Rockefeller ya amince da cewa ya ba su sabuwar gidan kayan tarihi kyauta.

• 04 of 09

  Yaya tsawon lokacin da ya dauka don sanya kayan ado na Unicorn?

  Amsa a takaice: A gaske, gaske lokaci mai tsawo.

  A nan ne amsar dadewa: Zamanin motsa jiki na Belgium da Arewacin Faransa sunyi aiki sosai a karni na goma sha shida yayin da aka yi amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwar alama ce ta alama da dukiya da iko. An yi ado da ba'a da kyau a lokacin da baron, yarima ko mai mulki ba su zauna ba, amma a lokacin da suka dawo, za a rataye kayan hako, su sake farfaɗo da rai.

  Mai wallafa ya tsara zane na asali, wanda za'a gabatar da shi ga mai kula da man fetur a cikin jirgi. Wannan zai iya ɗaukar watanni ko shekaru.

  Mataki na gaba, zane mai zane-zane, wani lokaci ma wani mataimaki a cikin shagon zane, wanda zai zama taswira ga mai laƙaƙa. Kwanan zane yana da muhimmanci mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda za'a iya amfani dashi sau da yawa, kuma za'a iya canza kayayyaki kuma an cire su ta hanyar zane-zane. Sun kasance da muhimmanci ƙwarai da gaske wanda masu sana'a za su shiga, su rika kulawa da kuma yin shawarwari game da ma'anar wasan kwaikwayon daga bitar jarida wanda zai iya kasancewa a ko'ina cikin Turai, ga masu saƙa yawanci a Belgium, har ma a Arewacin Faransa. Kwanan kwaikwayo, sayen mai sayarwa na kaya da tattaunawa da tafiye-tafiye na iya ɗaukar watanni ko shekaru.

  Da zarar kayan tafe suka isa wani zauren zane, duk gashin da aka yi wa gashin kansa zai mutu. Sa'an nan kuma, a ƙarshe, masu saƙa za su kafa manyan ƙyama, kuma su yi amfani da bindigogi da satar da za su sa kayan ado tare da zane-zanen da aka zana a ƙarƙashin jagoran su. Wannan mataki ya dogara ne akan hasken yanayi wanda ba shi da amfani a lokacin da yake da tsaka-tsakin arewacin Turai. Kuma kamar yadda masu sana'a masu biya suka biya, akwai lokuta masu rai inda za'a rufe taron. Saboda haka wannan mataki yana buƙatar tsawon shekaru na aiki. A cikin kwanakin lokaci, mai yatsa mai laushi mai mahimmanci zai iya samar da wani sashi na ƙyallen ado fiye da girman dabino.

  Ga wani lokacin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki wanda aka saka ta.

• 05 na 09

  A shekara ta 1500 kowa da kowa ya yi imani da cewa maras lafiya sun kasance ainihin

  A 1500 unicorns kowa da kowa ya yi imani da kayan ado ba gaskiya ba ne. Sabanin centaur ko minotaur wanda suka samo asalin su a cikin maganganu, yaren ya tashi ne daga nazarin kimiyyar halitta kuma Krista Girkanci Ctesias ya fara lura a India a karni na 5 KZ. Kamar wasa na wayar tarho, fassarar launi din ya canza kamanninsa daga doki mai doki da launin mai launi mai launin launin fata zuwa dabba mai tsabta mai tsabta da aka nuna yana tsarkake tsarkakewar ruwa tare da ƙahonsa a cikin Unicorn Tapestries. Julius Caesar ya yi iƙirarin cewa unicorns gudu daji a cikin Gaul. Lokacin da masu binciken Mutanen Espanya suka koma Turai daga binciken da suka yi a nahiyar Amirka, sun yi iƙirarin cewa kayan ado suna gudu a cikin sabuwar duniya.

  A cikin magunguna a cikin Met Cloisters, ana iya fassara wuraren ne a matsayin labari na farauta (tare da kararraki maimakon wani abu), alamar namiji mai ƙauna a kan samari na samari don tabbatar da darajarsa ga ƙaunatacciyarsa, da kuma alamu na Ƙaunar Almasihu.

  Dubi yadda shahararru goma sha biyu suka taru kusa da maɓuɓɓugar, amma wanda kawai yake nunawa ga launi? Wannan shi ne Yahuda.

• 06 na 09

  Me yasa akwai Unicorn Tapestries a Scotland?

  Yankin Yammacin Dean sune ɗakin masarufi daga Ingila wanda aka ba da umurni a kullun don sanya kayan aikin "Hunt for Unicorn" don rataya a Stirling Castle a Scotland.

  Mai jarrabawar da aka yi wahayi ne daga imani da masana tarihi na Scottish suka dauka cewa matakan da aka rubuta a cikin kaya na James V sun kasance a cikin kaya na Unicorn, wanda ya zo Scotland ta wurin gajeren aurensa da Madeleine na Valois. An dawo su zuwa Faransa a karni na sha takwas ta hanyar hulda tare da Rochefoucauld, wanda daga baya ya sanya su cikin tarihin iyalinsu.

  Fiye da shekaru goma, masu saƙa daga Yammacin Dean sun ziyarci Makiyayyaki don yin sabon zane-zane, ƙididdigewa kuma suna nazarin ainihin asali. Suna kullun kayan hako kamar yadda za a yi a karni na 16. A yau an nuna girman kai a Stirling Castle.

• 07 na 09

  Ina tsammanin na ga wannan hoton a Harry Potter!

  Aikin da ake kira "Unicorn in Captivity", shi ne mafi shahararrun shahararren kayan gidan kayan gargajiya, jaka jaka, t-shirts wani kayan aiki na kayan ado wanda mahaifiyar kowa ta kasance a cikin shekarun 70s da a, a cikin "Harry Potter da Prince na Half Blood." "

  Baya ga al'amuran farauta, wannan millefleur tapestry wanda ba shi da kyau a cikin sauran tsararraki yana kewaye da wani shinge mai shinge, an ɗaure shi zuwa itace wanda yake da rumman rumman da ke girma a kan rassansa. Sun yi amfani da tsaba masu tsami a jikin jikinsa, suna bayyana kamar jini. An ɗaukar nauyin alama, amma ba tare da labari ba. Abinda ya danganta wannan hoton ga sauran "Hunt for Unicorn" yana da mahimmanci wanda yake kama da A da baya da baya ya haɗa tare da igiya. Masanan sunyi kokarin fassara haruffa fiye da shekaru 140, amma babu ka'idar da aka karɓa.

• 08 na 09

  Yadda za a ziyarci Gidan Cloisters, Cluny da Stirling Castle

  Da Met Cloisters

  Fort Tryon Park, New York, NY 10040

  Hours: Maris-Oktoba: 10 am-5: 15 pm, Mayu 27-Satumba 2, 2016: Bude ranar Jumma'a har zuwa 7:30 na yamma.

  Nuwamba-Fabrairu: 10 am-4: 45 na yamma

  Ranar godiya ta rufe, Disamba 25, da Janairu 1

  Shiga : Shawarar $ 25 Matasan, Babba $ 17, Makarantu $ 12, Yara a ƙarƙashin 12 da mambobin Free

  Musée de Cluny- Gidajen Tarihi na Tsakiyar Tsakiya
  6, sanya Paul Painlevé
  75005 Paris

  Hours: Daily, rufe Talata, daga karfe 9:15 zuwa 5:45 pm.

  Desk ya rufe a karfe 5:15 na safe.
  An rufe 1 Janairu, 1 Mayu da 25 Disamba.

  Admission: Farashin Farashin: 8 € (9 € a lokacin lokacin nuni na wucin gadi)
  Bukatar: 6 € (7 € a yayin lokacin nuni na wucin gadi)
  Free ga EU kasa a karkashin 26
  Free ga kowa a ranar Lahadi na kowane wata

  Castle Stirling

  Esplanade Esplanade, Stirling, FK8 1E

  Hours: Daily, 1 Apr - 30 Satumba 9: 30-6pm 1 Oktoba - 31 Mar 9: 30-5pm

  Admission: Adult (16 - 59 yrs) £ 14.50, Yaro (5 - 15 yrs) £ 8.70, Cadi (60 yrs + da rashin aiki) * £ 11.60

• 09 na 09

  Wane labarin ne Unicorn Tapestries a Paris ya fada?

  Har ila yau, ana kiran su "The Unicorn Tapestries" da ake kira "The Lady and the Unicorn." Wadannan ma ana iya sa ido a kusa da 1500 kuma suna da asalin asali. Kayan ginin na Paris shine nau'in da aka nuna a cikin ɗakin gado na gadon mace don haifar da sakamakon kasancewa a cikin lambun da aka rufe. Bambanci daban-daban na wata mace, yarinya, dabbar dabbar, karnuka, da biri da sauran halittu an gabatar da su su zama alamu na hanyoyi guda biyar, amma har yanzu babu wata mahimmanci a tsakanin malamai.