Binciken Bita na Juyin Juyin Juya na 1910-1920
Mexico ta shiga cikin rikice-rikice na siyasa da zamantakewa tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1920. Yunkuri na Mexican ya faru a wannan lokacin, da farko da kokarin kokarin shugaban shugaba Porfirio Diaz. Wani sabon kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya kafa wasu akasarin juyin juya halin juyin juya halin Musulunci a shekarar 1917 ne aka kafa a shekarar 1917, amma tashin hankali bai kai ga ƙarshe ba har sai Allimaro Obregón ya zama shugaban kasa a shekarar 1920. Ga wasu dalilan da suka faru bayan juyin juya hali da kuma bayanai game da sakamako.
Matsayin adawa ga Diaz
Diaffio Diaz ya kasance cikin iko har tsawon shekaru talatin lokacin da ya yi hira da jaridar Amurka James Creelman a shekara ta 1908 inda ya bayyana cewa Mexico na shirye don dimokradiyya kuma cewa shugaban ya bi shi ya kamata a zabe shi a dimokuradiyya. Ya ce ya yi tsammanin samuwar jam'iyyun adawa. Francisco Madero, lauya ne daga Coahuila , ya ɗauki Diaz a maganarsa kuma ya yanke shawara ya yi nasara a kansa a zaben 1910.
Diaz (wanda a fili bai nuna ainihin abin da ya faɗa wa Creelman) ya sanya Madero kurkuku ba kuma ya bayyana kansa lashe zaben. Madero ya rubuta Shirin na San Luis Potosi wanda ya kira mutanen Mexico da su tashi akan makamai a kan ranar 20 ga Nuwamban 1910.
Dalilin juyin juya halin Mexican:
- Dokar mulkin mallaka na Pofirio Diaz kamar shekaru 30
- Amfani da rashin lafiya ga ma'aikata
- Babban bambanci tsakanin masu arziki da talakawa
Gidan Serbia dan Puebla, shiryawa don shiga tare da Madero, yana da makamai a cikin gidansu lokacin da aka gano su ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, kwana biyu kafin juyin juya halin ya fara. Yakin farko na juyin juya halin ya faru a gidansu, yanzu gidan kayan gargajiya ne wanda aka keɓe ga juyin juya hali .
Madero, tare da magoya bayansa, Francisco "Pancho" Villa, wanda ya jagoranci dakaru a Arewa, da kuma Emiliano Zapata, wanda ya jagoranci dakaru na sansanin 'yan gudun hijirar ga "Tierra y Libertad!" (Land and Freedom!) A kudanci, sun yi nasara a fadi Diaz, wanda ya gudu zuwa Faransa inda ya kasance a gudun hijira har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1915.
An zabi Madero shugaban kasa. Har zuwa wannan lokaci masu juyin juya hali sun yi burin manufa, amma tare da Madero a matsayin shugaban kasa, bambance-bambance sun kasance a fili. Zapata da Villa suna fama da zamantakewar zamantakewa da zamantakewa, yayin da Madero ya fi sha'awar yin canje-canjen siyasa.
Ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba, 1911, Zapata ta sanar da Shirin Ayala wanda ya bayyana cewa makasudin juyin juya halin shine don a sake rarraba ƙasa tsakanin talakawa. Shi da mabiyansa sun taso da Madero da gwamnatinsa. Tun daga ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 19th, 1913, aka yanke shawarar da aka yanke wa Decena Tragica a cikin birnin Mexico .
Janar Victoriano Huerta, wanda ke jagorantar sojojin tarayya, ya juya kan Madero kuma ya sanya shi kurkuku. Huerta ya jagoranci shugaban kasa kuma ya yi wa Madero da mataimakin shugaba Jose Maria Pino Suarez hukuncin kisa.
Santa Cruz Carranza
A watan Maris na shekarar 1913, Krista Carranza, gwamnan Coahuila, ya sanar da shirinsa na Guadalupe , wanda ya ki amincewa da gwamnatin Huerta kuma ya shirya ci gaba da manufofin Madero. Ya kafa rundunar mulkin rikon kwarya, kuma Villa, Zapata da Orozco sun shiga tare da shi kuma sun kori Huerta a watan Yuli na shekara ta 1914.
A cikin Convencion de Aguascalientes na shekara ta 1914, bambance-bambance tsakanin masu juyin juya hali ya sake kasancewa gaba.
Villistas, Zapatistas da Carrancistas sun rarrabu. Carranza, ta kare nauyin da ke cikin manyan makarantu, ya goyi bayan Amurka. Villa ta ƙetare iyakar zuwa Amurka kuma ta kai hari kan Columbus, New Mexico. {Asar Amirka ta tura sojojin zuwa Mexico don kama shi, amma sun yi nasara. A kudancin Zapata ya rarraba ƙasa ya kuma ba da shi zuwa sansanin, amma a ƙarshe ya tilasta masa neman mafaka a cikin duwatsu.
A 1917 Carranza ya kafa sabon kundin tsarin mulkin wanda ya kawo wasu canje-canje na zamantakewar da tattalin arziki. Zapata ta ci gaba da tawaye a kudancin har sai an kashe shi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1919. Carranza ya kasance shugaban har zuwa 1920, lokacin da Älvaro Obregón ya dauki ofishin. Villa aka yafe a 1920, amma an kashe shi a ranch a 1923.
Sakamakon juyin juya halin
Wannan juyin juya halin ya samu nasara wajen kawar da Porfirio Diaz, kuma tun da juyin juya hali ba shugaban kasa ya yi mulki fiye da yadda aka tsara shekaru shida a ofishin.
PRI ( Partido Revolucionario Institucionalizado - Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ƙasa) Jam'iyyar siyasar ta kasance mai amfani da juyin juya hali, kuma ta kasance shugabancin shugabanci daga lokacin juyin juya hali har sai Vicente Fox na PAN (Partido de Accion Nacional - National Action Party) ya zama shugaban kasa. a shekarar 2000.
Karanta cikakken bayani game da juyin juya halin Mexican.