Daga Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa zuwa Gidan Gida na Musamman: Alamar Ƙarshe na Paris
Mahimun Bayanan: Yanar Gizo na Yanar Gizo na Louvre; Encyclopedia Britannica
Aikin Paris na Louvre da aka sani a yau shi ne babban zane-zane na zane-zane, zane-zane, zane da kayan tarihi. Amma kafin ya zama daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da fasahar fasahar fasahar fasahar fasaha, ya kasance fadar sarauta da wani muhimmin ɓangare na ganuwar da suka kare a farkon birnin Paris daga mamaye.
Don godiya sosai ga wannan tarihin tarihi, koyi game da tarihi mai ban mamaki kafin ziyararka.
The Louvre a lokacin lokacin zamani
1190: Sarki Philippe Auguste ya gina babbar sansanin soja a kan shafin yanar gizon Louvre na yau da kullum don kokarin kare birnin daga mahaukaci. An gina ginin makamai a kusa da manyan makamai hudu da masu tsaro. Wani babban abu, wanda ake kira " Grosse" , ya tsaya a cibiyar. Ƙananan matakan wannan sansanin ne duk abin da ya wanzu kuma ana iya ziyarta a yau.
1356-1358: Biye da wani ɓangare na dabam, Paris yanzu ya kara da bangon asali na ginin da aka gina a karni na 12. An gina sabon bango a wani ɓangare na zama mai tsaron gida a farkon shekarun da suka yi yaki Ingila. Louvre ba zata zama wani tsari na tsaro ba.
1364: Louvre ba zata sake amfani da manufarsa na farko ba, ya sa wani masallaci mai suna King Charles V ya sake mayar da tsohon birni a gidan sarauta.
Gidan sararin samaniya na sararin samaniya ya nuna wani matakan tsalle-tsalle da kuma "lambun jin dadi", yayin da aka yi ado da kayan ado tare da kayan ado da kuma sassaka.
1527: Louvre ya kasance ba shi da aji don shekaru 100 ko haka bayan mutuwar Sarki Charles VI. A shekara ta 1527, Francois na motsa ciki kuma na kawar da ƙarancin nawa.
Louvre ta motsa cikin Renaissance.
The Louvre a lokacin Lokacin Renaissance
1546: Francois na ci gaba da canza fadar bisa ga tsarin gyaran gyare-gyaren Renaissance da zane-zane, ta kawar da ƙarancin yammacin yamma kuma ta maye gurbin shi tare da tsarin tsarin Renaissance. A karkashin mulkin Henri II, an gina Majalisa na Caryatids da Pavillon du Roi (King Pavillion), kuma sun hada da sassan masu zaman kansu na sarki. An ƙawata kayan ado na sabon fadar a karkashin umarnin King Henri IV.
Tsakiyar karni na 16: Sarauniya Catherine Catherine na 'Medici, mace wadda ta rasu a Henri II, ta umarci gina gine-ginen Tuileries don kokarin inganta matakan farin ciki a Louvre, wanda shine tarihin tarihin wani wuri mai banƙyama. Wannan tsari na shirye-shirye na ƙarshe an sake watsi da wani.
1595-1610: Henri IV ya gina Galerie du Bord de l'Eau don samar da hanya ta kai tsaye daga gidan sarakunan Louvre zuwa fadar Tuileries kusa. An kuma gina ginin da ake kira Galerie des Rois (Kings 'Gallery) a wannan lokaci.
The Louvre A lokacin "Classical" Period
1624-1672: A karkashin mulkin Louis XIII da Louis XIV, Louvre na ci gaba da yin gyare-gyare mai zurfi, wanda ya haifar da fadar da muka gane a yau.
Babban adadin abubuwa a wannan lokacin sun hada da Pavillon de l'Horloge (Clock Pavilion) wanda ake kira Pavillon de Sully a yau kuma zai zama misali don zane na sauran ɗakunan da suka zama cibiyar zamani. An kammala hotunan Apollo Gallery a shekara ta 1664.
1672-1674: Sarkin mallaka Louis XIV yana motsa wurin zama na sarauta a Versailles a cikin karkara. Louvre ya kasance cikin halin rashin kulawa a cikin karni daya.
1692: Louvre yana da sabon matsayi a matsayin wuri na haɗuwa ga '' salons '' 'fasaha da' 'fasaha,' kuma Louis XIV ya umarci kafa wani gallery don tsofaffin al'adu. Wannan shine mataki na farko zuwa ga haihuwar gidan kayan gargajiya mafi yawan duniya.
1791: Bayan juyin juya halin Faransanci na 1789, Louvre da Tuileries an sake tunanin su na dan lokaci a matsayin fadar sararin samaniya don "tara wuraren tarihi na kimiyya da fasaha".
1793: Gwamnatin Faransanci ta juyin juya hali ya buɗe Cibiyar Muséum Central des Arts de la République, wani sabon ma'aikata na jama'a wanda a hanyoyi da dama ya riga ya kasance a zamanin yau da kullum na gidan kayan gargajiya. Admission kyauta ne ga kowa da kowa, yayin da aka tattara ɗakunan daga ƙauyukan mallakar ƙasar Faransanci da iyalan dangi.
Kasancewa da Babbar Gida: Tsarin Mulkin
1798-1815: Sarkin sarakuna na Napoleon na gaba na "wadata" tarin a Louvre ta hanyar ganimar da aka samu a lokacin da ya yi nasara a kasashen waje, musamman daga Italiya. An sake sa wa gidan kayan gargajiya sunan Musée Napoleon a cikin 1803 kuma an sanya bust na sarki a kan ƙofar. A cikin 1806, gine-gine na Editan Percier da Fontaine sun gina wani karamin "Arc de Triomphe" a babban ɗakin majalisa na Tuileries a lokacin bikin Faransa. Gidan ya fara hada da dawakai na tagulla da aka kwashe daga St Mark's Basilica a Italiya; An mayar da su zuwa Italiya a 1815 lokacin da sarki na farko ya faɗo. A wannan lokacin, Louvre kuma yana fadada sosai don ya hada da fuka-fuki da yawa har yau, ciki har da Cour Carré da Grande Galerie.
1824: An buɗe tashar Hotuna ta zamani a ɓangaren yammacin "Cour Carré". Gidan kayan gargajiya ya hada da hotunan daga Versailles da sauran tarin, a cikin guda biyar kawai.
1826-1862: Kamar yadda fasahar zamani da cinikayyar zamani suka bunƙasa, haɗen Louvre suna da wadataccen wadata kuma an fadada don hada ayyukan daga kasashen waje. Daga Masarautar Masar da Assuriya zuwa tsofaffi da Renaissance art da kuma na zamani Mutanen Espanya zanen, Louvre yana da kyau a kan hanyar da ta zama babban wuri na al'adu da al'adu.
1863: Tarin yawa na Louvre na yanzu ya sake karfafa Musée Napoleon na III don girmama mai mulki na biyu. Rahoton 'tattara' ya karu ne saboda samuwa da 1861 da aka dauka fiye da 11,000 zane-zane, abubuwa masu zane, zane-zane da sauran abubuwa daga Marquis Campana.
1871: A cikin mummunan mummunar rikici na 1871 da ake kira Paris Commune, fadar Tuileries ta kone ta "Communards." Ba a sake mayar da fadar ba, barin gidajen Aljannah kawai da gine-gine. Har wa yau, a kalla wata kwamiti na kasar Faransa ta ci gaba da roƙo don sake gina fadar.
NEXT: Ƙarshen Wurin Lardin na yau
1883: Lokacin da aka rushe fadar Tuileries, babban canji ya faru kuma Louvre ya daina zama wurin zama na sarauta. Shafin yana yanzu kusan dukkanin abin da aka keɓe ga al'adu da al'ada. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gidan kayan gargajiya zai fadada mahimmanci don ɗaukar duk manyan gine-ginen.
1884-1939: Louvre ya ci gaba da fadadawa da kuma buɗe sababbin fuka-fuki da tattarawa, ciki harda reshe mai tsarki ga ayyukan Musulunci da Musée des Arts Decoratifs.
1939-1945: Tare da burbushin da ke faruwa a yakin duniya na biyu a 1939, an rufe gidan kayan gargajiya kuma aka kwashe tarin, ban da mafi yawan yankunan da aka ajiye ta sandbags. Lokacin da sojojin Nazi suka mamaye Paris da kuma mafi yawan Faransa a 1940, Louvre ta sake buɗewa, amma mafi yawa kyauta ne.
1981: Shugaban kasar Faransa Francois Mittérand ya nuna wani shiri mai ban sha'awa don gyara da sake sake gina Louvre kuma ya motsa sauran ayyukan gwamnati a wani wuri, ya sa Louvre ya zama cikakkiyar sadaukarwa ga aikinsa a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya na farko.
1986: An gina Musée d'Orsay a cikin tsohon filin jirgin saman Orsay a fadin Seine. Sabuwar gidan kayan gargajiya yana canja wurin ayyukan zamani daga masu zane-zanen da aka haifa tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1870, kuma nan da nan ya rarrabe kansa don tarin tarihin Impressionist, da sauransu. Ana gudanar da aikin daga Jeu de Paume a yammacin Tuileries zuwa Orsay.
1989: Lambar gilashin Louvre da kamfanin IM Pei ya gina ya zama sabon ƙofar.