An gina shi a karni na 8, Borobudur alama ce ga wani Buddha wanda ya manta
Borobudur wata alama ce ta Mahayana Buddha a tsakiyar Java. An gina shi a cikin AD 800, abin tunawa ya ɓace saboda daruruwan shekaru bayan bin addinin Buddha a Java. An gano Borobudur a cikin karni na 19, an ceto shi daga wuraren da ke kewaye da shi, kuma a yau shine babban aikin hajji na Buddha.
An gina Borobudur ne a kan wani ma'auni mai girman gaske - ba zai yiwu ba, domin ba kome ba ne kawai a matsayin kwatancin halittu kamar yadda tauhidin Buddha ya fahimta.
Da zarar ka shiga Borobudur, ka ga kanka ana jagorantar ka a cikin wani ƙananan ka'idojin kimiyya wanda ba a taɓa gina shi a cikin dutse ba, wanda shine babban tafiya ga masu binciken magunguna, duk da cewa wanda zai buƙaci jagorancin jagorancin da zai dashi.
- Don hoto na kallon wannan tarihin Buddha na tarihi, karanta littafin Tarihin Asiya Kallie Szczepanski game da gidan ibada na Borobudur.
Tsarin Borobudur
Alamar ta zama nau'i kamar mandala, kafa jerin dandamali - ginshiƙai biyar na dandamali a ƙasa, shafukan madaurarin hudu a sama - waɗanda aka lalata tare da hanyar da take tafiyar da mahajjata ta hanyar matakan uku na Buddha.
Baƙi suna hawan matuka zuwa kowane mataki; An yi ado da walƙiya tare da bangarori na 2,672 wadanda suka bada labarin labarun Buddha da kuma misalai daga cikin litattafan Buddha.
Don duba abubuwan taimako a cikin tsari na daidai, ya kamata ka fara daga ƙofar gabas, ta zagaye a kowane lokaci sai ka hau mataki ɗaya kamar yadda ka gama zagaye.
Matsayin Borobudur
Mafi ƙasƙanci na Borobudur ya wakilci Kamadhatu (duniya na sha'awar), kuma an yi masa ado da alamun 160 wanda ke nuna alamun sha'awar mutum da kuma sakamakon da suka samu. Misalai sun kamata su motsa mahajjata su tsere daga wuyansu na duniya don Nirvana.
Ƙaddamar da mafi ƙasƙanci ya nuna kawai wani ɓangare na abubuwan taimako; da yawa daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci na Borobudur an kara matsawa tare da ƙarin kayan dutse, yana rufe wasu kayan taimako.
Jagoranmu ya nuna cewa wasu daga cikin kayan agajin da aka samu a ciki, amma babu tabbaci don tallafawa wannan.
Yayin da baƙo ya haura zuwa Rupadhatu (duniya na siffofin, ya hada da biyar na gaba gaba), abubuwan da suka taimakawa sun fara bayanin labarin mu'ujiza game da tunanin Buddha da haihuwa. Sauran abubuwan da aka ba da taimako sun nuna ayyukan jaruntaka da kuma misalai da suka fito daga tarihin Buddha.
Ruwa zuwa Arupadhatu (duniya na rashin tsari, siffofin hudu na Borobudur), mai baƙo ya ga zane-zane mai ban sha'awa da ke kewaye da tsarin Buddha a ciki. Inda aka fara amfani da dandalin farko na hudu a bangarorin biyu tare da dutse, matakan sama guda huɗu suna buɗewa, yana bayyana ra'ayoyi masu yawa game da tsarin Magelang da kuma tsaunin tsaunin Merapi a nesa.
A saman tudu, babban masarautar Borobudur. Ba a yarda da baƙi izini su shiga cikin tsutsa ba, ba cewa akwai wani abu da za su gani - stupus ba kome ba ne, domin yana nuna gudun hijirar zuwa Nirvana ko babu abin da shine babban burin Buddha.
Buddha Statues a Borobudur
Matsayin Buddha a kan ƙananan nau'o'i hudu na Borobudur an saka shi ne a cikin "halaye" ko mudra , kowannensu yayi la'akari da wani biki a rayuwar Buddha.
Bhumi Sparsa Mudra: "hatimin shafawa a duniya", wanda tsarin Buddha ya kafa a gabas - hannayensu sun bude a kan su, hannun dama a gwiwar dama da yatsunsu yatsa zuwa ƙasa.
Wadannan nassoshin da Buddha ke yaki da malami Mara, inda ya kira Dewi Bumi da allahntaka duniya don ya sha wahala.
Vara Mudra: wakiltar "sadaka", wanda Buddha ya kafa a kudancin gefen kudu - hannun dama yana dabino tare da yatsunsu a gwiwoyi na dama, hannun hagu ya fara budewa.
Dhyana Mudra: wakiltar "zuzzurfan tunani", wanda tsarin Buddha ya kafa a gefen yamma - hannaye biyu a gefen hagu, hannun dama a gefen hagu, duka itatuwan da ke fuskantar sama, babban taro biyu.
Abhaya Mudra: yana wakiltar tabbatarwa da kuma kawar da tsoro, da siffofin Buddha a gefen arewa - hannun hagu ya buɗe a kan gaba, hannun dama dan kadan sama da gwiwa tare da dabino gaban gaban.
Vitarka Mudra: wakiltar "wa'azi", Buddha ta gabatar a kan raga na tudun filayen saman - hannun dama na sama, yatsan hannu da yatsa, suna nuna wa'azi.
Matsayin Buddha a kan matakan da suka fi girma an haɗa su a tsaka-tsakin tsaka; An bar ɗaya daga cikinsu bai cika ba don ya bayyana Buddha a ciki. Wani ya kamata ya ba da lada idan kun taɓa hannunsa; yana da wuya fiye da yadda yake, kamar yadda ka tsaya hannunka a ciki, ba ka da hanyar ganin mutum a ciki!
Waisak a Borobudur
Mutane da yawa Buddha sun ziyarci Borobudur a lokacin Waisak (ranar Buddhist na haskakawa). A kan Waisak, daruruwan 'yan Buddha' yan kwaminis daga Indonesia da kuma gaba da gaba sun fara ne a karfe 2 na dare don su fara aiki daga Candi Mendut, kusa da kilomita 1.5 zuwa Borobudur.
Mai tafiyar da hankali yana tafiya a hankali, tare da yin sallah da yin addu'a har sai sun isa Borobudur a kusan 4am. Mumaye zasu kewaye da haikalin, suna hawa matakan a cikin tsari, kuma suna jira bayyanar wata a sararin sama (wannan alamar haihuwar Buddha), wanda zasu gaishe da waƙa. Wajen taron ya ƙare bayan fitowar rana.
- Don ƙarin bayani game da wannan babban biki na Buddha, karanta wannan labarin: Vesak a kudu maso gabashin Asia , ko kuma duba wannan hoton: Hotunan Vesak a kudu maso gabashin Asia .
Samun Borobudur
Lambar shigarwa ga Borobodur shine $ 20; ofisoshin tikiti suna bude daga 6 zuwa 5pm. Kuna iya samun tikitin Borobudur / Prambanan haɗaka don IDR 360,000 (ko kimanin dala miliyan 28.80, karanta game da kuɗin Indonesia ). Filin mafi kusa mafi kusa shine Yogyakarta, kimanin minti 40 da mota.
By bas: Je zuwa tashar motar Jombor (Google Maps) a Sleman arewacin Yogyakarta; daga nan, bas din na kai a kai a kai tsakanin garin da Borobudur (Google Maps). Tafiya yana biyan IDR 20,000 (kimanin dala miliyan 1.60) kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin sa'a daya zuwa rabi da rabi don kammalawa. Hakanan za'a iya kai haikalin a cikin minti na 5-7 daga motar mota.
Ta hanyar haɗin haɗin haya: Wannan hanya ce mafi sauki don zuwa Borobudur, amma ba mafi arha ba: tambayi gidan ku na Yogyakarta don bayar da shawarar kunshin motsa jiki na minibus. Dangane da ƙunshin kunshin (wasu kayan aiki zasu iya haɗawa da ƙauyuka masu zuwa zuwa na Prambanan , Kraton , ko kuma wasu kamfanoni na batik da na azurfa ). Kayan farashin na iya ragewa tsakanin IDR 70,000 zuwa IDR 200,000 (tsakanin US $ 5.60 zuwa dala miliyan 16).
Daga Manohara Hotel na kusa, sai ku dauki Borobudur Sunrise Tour wanda ya kawo ku zuwa haikalin a lokacin marar laifi na 4:30 na safe, yana baka ganin haikalin ta hasken rana har sai fitowar rana. Shirin yawon shakatawa na rana rana IDR 380,000 (game da US $ 30) don baƙi Manohara, kuma IDR 230,000 (kimanin dala miliyan 18.40) ga baƙi Manohara.