Bukuna Dubu guda shida da za a gani a Bagan, Myanmar

01 na 07

Shirye-shiryen Goma guda shida daga Dubbai don Ziyarci Bagan

Tare da dubban tsawa da tsabta don ziyarci, babu wata hanya mafi kyau ga yadda za a ga ginin gidan Bagan . An san temples a cikin wannan jerin su ne mafi girma na Bagan, mafi yawan wasan kwaikwayon, da kuma mafi mashahuri, kuma ya kamata a haɗa su a cikin kowane haikalin Bagan na haikalin da ke shafe fiye da yini guda.

Aikin kwanakin hamsin, mai kula da Aung Kyaw Moe ya ce ka tsaya tare da hanyoyi guda biyu: "Kwanakin kwana biyu, za ku ziyarci gidan Shwezigon da Ananda," in ji Mr. "Idan kun kasance zuwa wadannan wurare guda biyu, to, ba haka ba." Don ƙarin yawon shakatawa, shirya jaunts gidanku a kusa da spots da aka jera a nan.

Bayanin kalmomi kaɗan kawai: saboda biyu daga cikin wadannan temples (Htilominlo da Shwesandaw), masu lura da gida za su bincika idan kuna riƙe da tashar haikalin Bagan mai aiki; Za a iya yin rajistar baƙi a wasu wurare. Kuma idan kuna shirin ganin dukkanin shida a cikin rana daya, zabi wani zaɓi na sufuri na Bagan wanda zai sa ku kusa da sauri (mota tare da direba, eh, horsecart, jahannama ba).

Don samun rutsawa a harshen Myanmar harsunan da aka ɓoye a gidan ibada, karanta litattafan gidan mu na gidan haikalin. Domin wata hanya ta haikalin, duba wannan jerin abubuwan temples na Bagan tare da kallon rana .

02 na 07

Shwezigon Haikali: The Stupa cewa Fara shi duka

Shwezigon yayi kama da Shwedagon a Yangon gaba a kudancin babu daidaituwa. Bayan da aka kammala Shwezigon a shekara ta 1086 AD, zane da kyau na haikalin ya zama misali ga sauran temples waɗanda aka gina a cikin daular. Shwedagon - wanda aka kammala ya cika shekaru hudu bayan haka - yana iya wucewa da girmansa da kuma kyakkyawa, amma ya ɗauki nauyin da ya riga ya riga ya faru.

An umurce shi da babban sarki mai suna Anawrahta kuma wanda ya maye gurbin Kyansittha, ya shirya shi, zane na Shwezigon yana nuna tasiri ga al'ummomi biyu. Kamar Shwedagon kusa da kudanci, Shwezigon ya zama wuri mai tsarki inda sarakuna zasu iya yin addu'a, ko kuma godiya ga, nasarar: a kudu maso yammacin da aka ajiye domin wannan sallah.

Sunan haikalin ya nuna wannan dalili: " Shu yana nufin zinariya, zigo yana nufin ƙasa ko nasara," in ji Mista Aung. "Idan sarki yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci, sai su tsaya a can don su yi addu'a ga abin da suke so su yi - za a cika bukatun su."

Kusa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarancin zinariya, ƙila za ku sami jerin ɗakunan sauran ɗakunan da suke hidima tare da sallar sacramental da daliban ilimi. Ɗauki suna nuna dioramas na farko da Buddha ta fuskanta tare da huɗun wuta; wasu siffofi na jerin kayan sadaka da aka shirya a cikin zobe, inda zaka iya kokarin harba kudi a cikin kwano.

Shwezigon kuma cibiyar ce ta ibada (ruhu); gidaje masu gine-gine kewaye da gidajen da ke wakiltar Myanmar na 37 sun san nat s, inda mazauna zasu iya yin addu'a ga wakilin su na karewa ko addu'a

03 of 07

Htilominlo Haikali: Daga wata mafarki

Sarki Htilominlo (ya yi mulki 1211 zuwa 1235AD), mafi ƙanƙanta na biyar 'ya'yansa maza zuwa Sarki Sithu II, ya sami mulkinsa ta hanyar duniyar rikice-rikice, inda sarkin Sarki ya fada a cikin jagorancinsa. Sunan Sarki da Haikali sun nuna abin da ya faru - "hti" (umbrella), "min" (sarki), da "lo" (sha'awar sha'awa) tare da nuna cewa laima ya zaɓi dan sarki ya zama sarki na gaba.

Haikali ba shine mafi girma a Bagan ba, amma yana da ƙidaya kamar ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau. Gidansa ya kai mita 150 a kan filin karkarar Bagan, yayin da kowane ɓangaren hudu yana fuskantar ɗakunan kwalliya wanda ya kai kimanin mita 140. Tsarin bangon da ke kewaye da Htilominlo Temple ya yi ta gwaninta tare da kasuwar kasuwanni da ke sayarwa kayan aiki, kayan tufafi da abubuwan kirkiro masu ban sha'awa, yana ba da gidan ibada a yanayin kasuwanni.

Bricks na Redi sun gyara duka bango da tsarin haikalin: mafi yawan tubali ya fallasa, yana nuna wani brickwork mai kwance da kwance mai tsayi da ƙananan turmi a tsakanin. Haifin haikalin ya nuna nauyin Buddha guda huɗu masu girman kai suna fuskantar kowannensu. Ƙungiyoyin suna haɗuwa da hallways da aka yi da frescoes na nuna rayuwar Buddha da kuma sau.

Nemi ƙarin game da Sarki da haikalin sunansa a cikin wannan labarin a kan Htilominlo Temple .

04 of 07

Majami'ar Ananda: Ɗaya Ɗaukaka Mai Tsarki

Majami'ar Ananda wani tsari ne na babban coci da 'yan kalilan kaɗan da girma da kuma ruhaniya a Bagan.

Sarki Kyansittha - dan Anawrahta da kuma mai kula da bayan bayan kammala Shwezigon - ya umurci gina gidan Ananda, wanda aka kammala ta 1105 AD. Tsarin da aka kammala ta hanyar Ananda ya haifar da wasu labarun lalacewa.

Na farko, an ji Ananda ya kasance an kashe masiyoyin Ananda da aka kashe bayan kammala haikalin, don tabbatar da cewa babu wani cikakken haikalin da zai iya bin Ananda. Na biyu, Kyansittha ya yi niyyar binne kansa a cikin gidan rediyon Ananda, amma kawai ya sake komawa bayan da babban malaminsa Shin Arahan ya tsawata masa.

"Idan kana so ka gina haikalin wuri mai tsarki, kada ka rufe kanka!" Mista Aung yana tunanin Shin Arahan yana tunatar da sarkinsa. "Idan ka yi, ba zai zama haikalin ba, zai zama kabarin."

Tsarin shirin Ananda yana kama da giciye na Girka, tare da hanyoyi da ke kaiwa zuwa kusurwoyi huɗu, wanda ya fito daga wani zauren da ke dauke da Buddha guda hudu, yana tsaye kimanin ƙafa ƙafa tsayi kuma ya zama daga gilded itace. Ƙungiyoyin dakunan suna haɗuwa da wani tsari na musamman na hallways biyu: rami mai ciki wanda aka tanadi don amfani da dangin sarauta, da kuma na waje don yin amfani da masanan da sauran masu bauta.

Duk da nauyi dutse da tubali wanda ke gina tsarin Ananda Temple, zane yana da kyau ya kula da jin daɗi da kuma kwanciyar hankali: kwari suna haɗuwa da hanyoyi masu zuwa ga iska na hasken lantarki na waje da hasken da za a yi a cikin gidan ibada na Ananda, yana mai da ciki mai kyau duk da ambaliyar ruwa da ke da hankalin masu yawon shakatawa da ke tafiya a cikin kullun.

05 of 07

Dhammayangyi Temple: Bad Karma

Babban haikalin Bagan ya gina shi ne da mai karfin Narathu, wanda ya zo kursiyin ta hanyar kashe mahaifinsa Alaungsithu, sannan daga bisani ya kashe kansa. A cikin gajeren lokaci tsakanin 1167 zuwa 1171AD, Narathu ya yi ƙoƙarin hana karma ta hanyar gina ginin mafi tsawo a cikin Bagan.

Dhammayangyi na da mahimmanci don siffar nauyin nau'i na pyramidal, kadai irin wannan haikalin a cikin Myanmar; brickwork ya nuna irin matsayin da Narathu ya kafa don masu sana'a wanda ya tashe ta.

"Narathu yana son Dhammayangyi ya kasance mafi girma a haikalin da ya fi tsayi, fiye da yadda aka saba da [Ananda Temple]", in ji Mista Aung. "Wannan shi ya sa ya umarci masons su sanya tubalin su a kusa. Mai kulawa zai duba tare da allura - idan za a iya sakawa tare da allura, za a kashe masons."

Irin wannan zubar da jini ya kawo mulkinsa cikakken zagaye, shekaru hudu kawai cikin mulkinsa. Bayan kashe matar Sarauniya Sri Lanka da fushi, Narathu da kansa ya kashe kansa ta hanyar kisan gillar dan uwansa. Lokacin da ya mutu, Dhammayangyi bai cika ba - kuma zai kasance a wannan hanyar tun daga lokacin.

"Babu wani kayan ado na musamman a cikin Dhammayangyi, kawai ƙwararru, ƙanshi yana ciki," in ji Mista Aung. "Ko da mutanen da suka gaza yin ƙetare bayan faɗuwar rana - sunyi tunanin haikalin yana hawan.

06 of 07

Manha Haikali: Gidan Wuta

An rubuta shi bayan Sarkin da aka fitar da shi, Manuha ya ƙunshi hotunan Buddha guda huɗu, uku a gaban da kuma ɗaya daga baya. Musamman a cikin gidan gidan Bagan, wani sarki da aka ci nasara ya gina Manuha.

Sarki Manuha, wanda Sarkin Anawrahta mai mulkin wannan mulkin kuducin Bagan ya ci nasara da shi a karni na 11, ya rayu shekaru na karshe a gidan yari a garin Bagan. Ya sayar da zanen ruby ​​don ya tara kuɗin da ake bukata don gina haikalin da ake kira sunansa: babban gidan ibada hudu, wanda ya ƙunshi siffofin Buddha guda uku da ke fuskantar gabas, da kuma hoto na Buddha guda biyu wanda ke fuskantar yammacin da ke fuskantar arewa.

Hotuna uku da ke gabas suna fuskantar hotunan Buddha ne a wurare masu tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da sofas na sama fiye da manyan hotunan (Buddha na tsakiya ya karu da mita 46, yayin da Buddha ta fadi yana da kwasfa 33). Ma'aikata sun yi imanin cewa Buddha an gina su don nuna damuwa ga baƙin ciki na Sarki Manuha: daya zaune Buddha yana da "idanu marasa kyau", kamar yadda mai shiryarwa ya bayyana, kuma wani yana da kirji wanda ya nuna fushin Manha ya ci gaba a zuciyarsa.

Hoto na Buddha mai tsawon 90-hamsin a baya ya nuna Buddha a kan gadonsa na mutuwa, taimako don yin nazarin yanayin rayuwa, Mista Aung ya bayyana - "Ko da Buddha, dole ne ya mutu wata rana," in ji shi . "Babu wata ni'ima ta musamman - idan akwai haihuwar, mutuwa za ta kasance. Idan mun yi aiki mai kyau, kuma idan mun riga mun yi tunani mai kyau, ba za mu ji tsoron mutuwa ba.

07 of 07

Shwesandaw: The Sunset Stupa

Shwesandaw yana daya daga cikin wurare guda biyar da aka bawa izinin hawan hawa (wasu Thitsa Wadi, Kudu da North Guni, da kuma Pyathatgyi), amma ra'ayoyi daga wurare masu mahimmanci guda biyar sunyi shakka mafi kyau da za ku samu a Bagan.

Matakan tsayi ya fito daga tushe zuwa manyan shimfidawa; wani shinge na karfe yana samar da wani abu ga masu hawa tare da kasa da matakai. Daga tushe zuwa hti a saman, Shwesandaw yana da matakan 328; a manyan tuddai tsakanin mita 200-300, masu tafiya suna ɗaukar ra'ayi na Kogin Ayeyarwady a nesa, tare da gine-gine da ke kusa da juna, a cikin waɗannan ɗakin Cebyinnyu (ba za a iya bace shi ba, wannan babban haikalin Bagan ne ) da kuma Bagan Archaeological Museum.

Cikin girgizar kasa ta 1975 da ta mamaye Bagan kuma ta bar alama a kan Shwesandaw: wanda kake gani a saman shine samfurin wani wanda aka rutsa da shi a lokacin rawar jiki (an riga an ajiye asali a cikin tashar Archaeological Museum). Har ila yau, haikalin yana rasa daruruwan daruruwan yumbu da ke dauke da hotuna daga Jataka Tales.

Shwesandaw yana buɗewa a duk shekara, amma don mafi kyawun gani, ya tafi a lokacin lokacin hunturu na Bagan tsakanin watan Nuwamba da Fabrairu, lokacin da sararin samaniya ya bayyana kuma bayyanar ta kasance mafi kyau da haske. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku ziyarci ziyararku don daidaita daidai da fitowar rana ko faɗuwar rana, a lokacin da rana ke yin shinge na gine-ginen da ke kusa da gidan ya yi haske a kan mai arziki.