Ƙungiyoyin kifi, alamu na Yammaci, Gudun Magana
Wannan labarin yana mayar da hankali kan batun dawakai na daji a yamma, musamman a Nevada. A sakamakon haka yawan karuwar yawan mutanen wadannan dabbobin da abin da ya kamata a yi domin kula da dawakan lafiya biyu da kuma yankunan ƙasar da suke tafiya. Dokoki da ka'idojin da ake amfani da su da dawakai na daji suna fitowa ne a cikin Hannun Kayan Kwari da Dabbobi na Burbus na 1971 (da kuma gyare-gyare a 1976, 1978, da kuma 2004).
Babban jami'in tarayya wanda ke hulda da dawakai na daji da kuma burgewa a cikin ƙasa shi ne Ofishin Land Management (BLM), wani sashin Ma'aikatar Intanet na Amurka. Ofishin Jakadancin na BLM na Nevada yana samuwa ne a 1340 Bank Blvd., Reno NV 89502. Hakan na aiki daga karfe 7:30 am zuwa 4:30 na yamma, Litinin zuwa Jumma'a. Lambar wayar bayani shine (775) 861-6400. Wasu daga cikin bayanan da aka bayar game da wannan labari ne Susie Stokke, Wild Horse & Burro Program ya jagoranci don Gudanarwa na BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
Yawan Dabbobi da yawa
Wannan lamari ne mai rikitarwa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu motsi da kuma bukatu. Ana buƙatar BLM don gudanar da dawakai da kewayo kamar yadda doka ta 1971 ta tanada da gyara. A taƙaice, wannan na nufin adana yawan dawakan da ke dacewa da yin amfani da kwarewa irin su shanu da shanu domin kada lafiyar dawakai da kuma kewayon ba a daidaita ba. Bisa ga BLM, akwai dawakai da dama da yawa a can kuma abubuwa ba su fito ba.
Wani rahotanni mai suna BLM Factsheet ya bayar da rahoton ranar 30 ga Yunin, 2008 cewa akwai kimanin dawakai dawakai dubu 33,000 (29,500 dawakai, 3,500 burros) a ƙasashen da BLM ke gudanarwa a jihohin Yamma. Nevada na gida ne game da rabi na waɗannan dabbobi. BLM ta gano 27,300 a matsayin adadin dawakan dawakai da za su iya zama a kan yankunan da aka gudanar a ma'auni tare da sauran lokutan amfani (kyawawan kifi, daji, kiɗa, wasanni, da dai sauransu).
Ana kiran wannan lambar da matakin dacewa (AML). A duk faɗin, akwai kimanin 5,700 da yawa dabbobi da aka adana a kan kewayon. Stokke ya ce AML a Nevada ta kasance 13,098, tare da yawan mutane 23% a sama da haka a 16,143 (a cikin Fabrairu, 2008).
BLM yana bada ƙananan dabbobi da aka cire daga kewayon a wurare masu gajeren lokaci da na dorewa. Akwai fiye da dawakai 30,000 da ake ci gaba da ciyar da su da kuma kula da su a wurare masu yawa, ciki har da Palomino Valley National Adoption Center a arewacin Sparks, Nevada. A cikin shekara ta 2007, BLM ta kashe dala miliyan 21.9 na dala biliyan 38.8 da kuma burro na kasafin kudin kawai don kiyaye dabbobi a wuraren da suke da shi. Abubuwan da aka bayar a cikin kwanan nan BLM Factsheet kimanin farashin zai ninka zuwa $ 77 da miliyan 2012 idan an gudanar da ayyukan gudanarwa na yanzu. Tun da irin wannan kudade ba zai yiwu ba, watau BLM zai yi wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu wuyar gaske, ba tare da wani zabi ba musamman mai ban sha'awa ko dadi.
Ƙungiyar Karan Kudancin Kasa
Samar da dawakai da burge don tallafawa shine hanya ta farko na motsa jiki da yawa daga cikin layin da kuma kula da masu zaman kansu. Duk da yake shirin na BLM yana ci gaba da karfi, lambobin ba su aiki ba.
A shekara ta 2007, dabbobi 7,726 suka karu da kashi 4,772. Idan akai la'akari da cewa dawakun daji na daji na iya ninka garken garkensu a kowace shekara hudu, kuma basu da tsararraki na halitta banda raunin dutse a wasu wurare da aka watsar da Nevada, ba wuya a ga yadda wadannan lambobin za su zama karin bayani ba sai dai idan akwai wani abu yi.
Stokke ya ce an samu raguwa tsakanin shekarun da suka wuce, tare da shekaru biyu da suka wuce a wani fanni. Ya zuwa yanzu a shekara ta 2008, rabi ne kawai rabi burin da ake buƙatar cimma AML da ake buƙatar ta BLM. Ta ce haka, saboda dalilai da yawa kamar canza canjin demographics da tashin farashi, buƙatar kawai ba a can ba ne.
Canje-canjen Sauya, Ƙididdiga Masu Girma
Tsayawa da dawakai ba wajibi ne ba. Bisa ga Stokke, tamanin hayani na doki yana buƙatar kowace shekara ta $ 900 a 2007.
A 2008, zai zama $ 1920. Ƙara a wasu farashin kuɗi kamar hatsi abinci, takardun kuɗi, hawa motsa, truck da trailer, makiyaya da sito, shiga (idan ba ku zauna a cikin ƙasa), kuma kuna da dabba mai tsada. Farashin ne kawai ya hana mutane da yawa daga karɓuwa, kuma akwai wasu mutane da yawa da suke da sha'awa kamar yadda akwai 'yan shekaru da suka wuce. Yayin da al'umma ta zama birni, yawan mutanen dake da dawakai na zama cikin al'ada. Ƙasar birni ma ta kasance a wurare a kusa da gefen birane inda wuraren bude, wuraren noma, da gonaki suka wanzu. Akwai kawai ba wurare masu yawa don dawakai ba.
BLM yayi ƙoƙari yayi daidaita da wuraren da har yanzu suna da muhimmin al'adun doki. Nevada ɗaya ne daga cikinsu, amma harkar birane tana da mummunan sakamako, kuma babu mutane da yawa a nan. Wasu sun hada da Texas, Wyoming, California, da Wisconsin.
Wata ma'ana ta Stokke ta nuna cewa yawancin masana'antun doki ne. Idan lokuta suna da wuya, mutane da yawa da suke kiyaye dawakai, ko daji ko mustangs ko a'a, ba za su iya yin hakan ba. A katangar Palomino a arewacin Sparks, ta ce an sake dawowa tara a wannan shekara, tare da mutanen da ke nuna matsalolin tattalin arziki don me yasa basu iya kiyaye dabbobi ba.
Matsaloli masu Amfani da Dabbobin Kasa
"A ƙarshe, muna bukatar gida mai kyau 33,000. Idan ba za mu iya samun su ba, muna da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka." Wadannan su ne yanke shawara mai wuya, "in ji Stokke, game da dawakai da ke cikin ɗakunan wurare.
Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓi shine don dakatar da karbar karusai daga filin, sabili da haka ya dakatar da haɗuwa da dabbobi a wuraren sarrafawa da farashin farashin ajiye su a can. Babban darakta na BLM, Henri Bisson, a cikin wani labarin da ya gabata a cikin Reno Gazette Journal, ya ce barkewa zai haifar da mummunan lalacewa da wuraren dawakai da yawa.
"A gare ni, abin da ya fi muni shine ganin wadannan dabbobin suna fama da wahala kuma su mutu cikin sannu a hankali." Har ila yau, zai karya dokar da ta ƙunshi dokar 1971 da ake buƙata BLM ta kula da kare lafiyar lafiya a ƙasa mai lafiya. Haɗin haɗuwa da kuma euthanasia wani abu ne da ake bukata a yi la'akari da shi, Bisson ya ce wa Associated Press, saboda matsalolin kasafin kuɗi da kuma bukatar yin bin doka.
BLM riga yana da iko ga yatsun daji da ke dawaki. Bisa ga Dokar BLM Factsheet, wani gyare-gyare na 1978 da dokar ta asali "ta ba da izini ga BLM don yin amfani da dawakai da dawakai da yawa wadanda ba a wanzu ba."
Tun shekara ta 2004, BLM ta sayar da dawakai da burusai wanda ya kasance a kalla shekaru 10 ko an riga an wuce su don tallafawa akalla sau uku. An kafa ikon yin wannan a cikin wani gyare-gyaren da doka ta asali.
Ya zuwa yanzu, tallace-tallace sun kasance kawai don sayen masu saye don samar da kulawa na dogon lokaci, amma akwai tanadi don sayar da "ba tare da iyakancewa ba," ma'ana ana amfani da dabbobi zuwa duk wani amfani da doka ta amfani da shi idan an lakafta shi daga BLM zuwa mai mallakar kansa.
Zaɓin zaɓi don ci gaba da kasuwanci kamar yadda ya saba. Idan an ci gaba da tallafawa, cire, da kuma ci gaba, ana kiyasta farashin zai kai dala miliyan 77 a shekarar 2012.
Haɗin da aka yi a 2008 ya riga ya kasa ƙasa da wannan a shekarar 2007 ta $ 1.8, don haka ba ya nuna cewa akwai isasshen goyon bayan siyasa don ci gaba da shirin kamar yadda yake a yanzu.
A cewar Stokke, a halin yanzu babu wani wakili mai amfani da haihuwa don dawakai daji. Abin da yake wanzu yana kimanin 90% na tasiri ga shekara ta farko, idan an yi amfani da ita a daidai lokacin shekara. Yanayin dawakai na kewaya a fadin kudancin Nevada ya sa wannan tsari mai tsanani ne. Duk da haka, BLM tana aiki a kan wani bincike tare da Kamfanin Humane na Amurka don samar da wakili na haihuwa wanda yake da tasiri ƙwarai kuma yana aiki a tsawon shekaru.
Ƙararraki mai Ƙari-Ƙarar Ƙara
BLM tana tallafa wa shirye-shiryen da aka tsara domin bunkasa tamanin dawakai na daji ga masu amfani. Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Doang Heritage Foundation, BLM na taimakawa wajen horar da dawakai na daji don haka sun fi kyau a matsayin 'yan takarar da aka dauka fiye da wadanda suka sabawa filin.
BLM kuma yana aiki tare da wasu sassan gyare-gyare na jihar. A Nevada, wajan da aka horar da dawakai suna samuwa don tallafawa ta hanyar Nevada Department of Corrections, Warm Springs Correctional Center a Carson City. A lokuta daban-daban, ana gudanar da takalma na jama'a na horar da doki.
Don ƙarin bayani, don Allah a kira (775) 861-6469.
'Yan majalisa suna so su san ƙarin
Nick Rahall, shugaban kwamitin komitin albarkatun kasa, da Raul Grijalva, shugaban kwamitin kananan hukumomi na kasa, Forests da Lands Lands, ya rubuta Bisson wata wasika ta ranar Jumma'a 9, 2008, ya rubuta mahimmancinsu game da yiwuwar aiki by BLM game da canza halin daji na yau da kullum da kuma burro manufofin. Suna da yawa tambayoyi game da yadda kuma dalilin da ya sa BLM sami kansa a cikin wani wuri na da ciwon la'akari da euthanasia ga daji dawakai da burros. Suna buƙatar cewa BLM ba ta kara wani aiki ba har sai rahoton Gwamna na Gida (GAO) game da gudanar da shirin dajin daji da burro ya karbi kuma ya sake nazari ta Majalisar Dattijai, BLM, da Ƙungiyar Shawara ta Kasa ta Duniya da Burro.
Rahoton ya faru ne a watan Satumbar 2008.
Shigar da Sharhinku game da Shirin Bunki na Burtaniya na BLM da Burro
A wannan batu, BLM yana binciko dukkanin zaɓuɓɓuka da aka samo don yin aiki da doki daji da kuma burro. Idan kuna son bayar da bayanai da bayani a matsayin memba na jama'a, shafin yanar gizon BLM yana da samfurin yanar gizon don samar da bayanai.
Bayanin Wild Horse da Burro daga BLM
- Hannun Kayan Gudanar da Hannun Daji da Burros na 1971
- Cibiyar Bayani na Kifi na Burtaniya ta Burtaniya da Burro
- BLM Nevada Dabun Kuda da Burro
- Shirye-shiryen Wildlife & Burro na BLM
- Ƙungiyar Kifi na Kasa ta Kasa da Burro
Adopar Dabar Kyau ko Burro
- Adopar Dabar Kyau ko Burro a Nevada
- Shirin Wild Horse & Burro Shirin Intanet
- Shirye-shiryen Shirye-shiryen Wild Wild da Burro
Ƙungiyoyi Masu Amfani da Dabbobin Kasuwanci
Ƙungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na sirri na sirri suna ba da ra'ayoyi mai yawa a kan batutuwan daji. Shawarar da aka tanada sun hada da kula da haihuwa, da kuma kara yin kokari wajen inganta dawakai na daji kamar yadda yawon shakatawa, da kuma bayar da harajin haraji ga manyan masu mallakar ƙasa don samar da kulawa da kuma cin ganyayyaki ga tsawon dabbobi.
- Doang Heritage Foundation
- Ƙungiyar kare kudan zuma
- Bari 'Em Run Foundation
- Harkokin Tsaro na Kudancin Amirka
- Ajiye Ceto Ceto
- Ajiye Mustangs na Amurka
Sources:
- Interview on 7/10/08 tare da Susie Stokke, Wild Horse & Burro Program kai ga BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
- Factsheet: Gwagwarmayar Ganawa da BLM a cikin Gudanar da Gudanar da Dabbobi da Burros, ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2008, Ofishin Gudanarwa, Ofishin Harkokin Jama'a, Washington, DC Kira: Tom Gorey (202) 452-5137.
- Reno Gazette Journal, 7/1/08, 7/7/08.
Bayyanawa cikakke: Ni mai ba da gudummawa ne tare da Ofishin Jakadancin na BLC na Nevada, wanda ya shafi aikin daukar hoto.