Tarihi da Tarihin Mutuwa na Mutuwa a PA
Kisa a matsayin wani nau'i na azabtarwa a Pennsylvania ya dawo zuwa lokacin da 'yan majalisun farko suka isa ƙarshen 1600. A wannan lokacin, hangen zaman jama'a ya kasance babban laifi saboda laifuffukan da dama, daga janyo makamai da fashi da fashi, fyade, fyade, da kuma tarkon (a Pennsylvania a lokacin, "buggery" da ake magana akan jima'i da dabbobi).
A shekara ta 1793, William Bradford, Babban Babban Shari'a na Pennsylvania ya wallafa "Tambaya Ta yaya Mutuwa da Mutuwa ta Kashe a cikin Pennsylvania". A cikin wannan, ya ci gaba da dagewa cewa a kashe kisa, amma ya yarda cewa ba shi da amfani wajen hana wasu laifuka.
A gaskiya ma, ya ce hukuncin kisa da aka ba da tabbacin da za a samu, domin a Pennsylvania (da sauran jihohi), hukuncin kisa ya zama dole kuma masu shari'a ba za su dawo da hukunci ba saboda wannan hujja. A cikin martani, a cikin 1794, majalisar dokokin Pennsylvania ta yanke hukuncin kisa saboda duk laifuka banda kisan kai "a cikin digiri na farko," a farkon lokacin kisan gillar ya zama "digiri."
Ginaran jama'a sun fara girma cikin sauri, kuma, a 1834, Pennsylvania ta zama na farko a cikin ƙungiya don kawar da wa] annan gine-gine. A cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, kowace jihohi ta gudanar da "ɗakin shanu" a cikin ganuwar kurkuku.
Harkokin Tsaro na Electric Fitarwa a Pennsylvania
Kashe manyan laifuka sun zama nauyin jihar a 1913, lokacin da kujerar wutar lantarki ya dauki wuri na gandun daji. An kafa shi a Jihar Institution Correctional a Rockview, Cibiyar Cibiyar, an lakafta kujerar lantarki "Old Smokey." Kodayake hukumomin da aka ba da izini ta hanyar yin amfani da wutar lantarki sun amince da doka a 1913, babu kujerun ko ma'aikata sun kasance a shirye don zama har 1915.
A 1915, John Talap, mai kisan kai da aka yi wa laifin daga Montgomery County, shine mutumin da aka kashe a cikin kujera. Ranar Afrilu 2, 1962, Elmo Lee Smith, wani mai kisan gilla daga Montgomery County, shi ne na karshe na mutane 350, ciki harda mata biyu, da suka mutu a cikin gidan lantarki na Pennsylvania.
Muryar Injection a Pennsylvania
Ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban 1990, Gov.
Robert P. Casey ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar canza tsarin aiwatar da hukuncin Pennsylvania daga fashewa da aka yi wa yaduwar cutar, kuma a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1995, Keith Zettlemoyer ya zama mutum na farko wanda aka kashe ta hanyar kashewa a Pennsylvania. An sauke kujerar lantarki zuwa Kamfanin Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi na Pennsylvania.
Dokar Kisa ta Fitowa ta Mutuwa ta Pennsylvania
A shekara ta 1972, Kotun Koli ta Pennsylvania ta yi mulki a Commonwealth v. Bradley cewa hukuncin kisa ya yi rashin rinjaye, ta hanyar yin amfani da hukuncin farko a Kotun Koli na Amurka a Furman da Georgia. A wannan lokacin, akwai kimanin mutane biyu masu mutuwa a cikin kurkukun Pennsylvania. An cire duk daga mutuwa kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin rai. A 1974, an tayar da dokar a wani lokaci, kafin Kotun Koli na Kotun ta sake bayyana dokar ba ta da ka'ida ba a cikin watan Disambar 1977. Majalisar dokoki ta jihar ta tsara wani sabon sabon tsarin, wanda ya fara aiki a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1978, a kan Gwamna Shapp. Wannan hukuncin kisa, wanda ya kasance a yau a yau, an amince da shi a cikin kotu da dama a kotun Amurka.
Yaya aka yanke hukuncin azabar Mutuwa a Pennsylvania?
Kisa ba za a iya amfani da ita ba a Pennsylvania a lokuta inda aka samu wanda ake zargi da laifin kisan kai na farko.
Ana sauraron karar don la'akari da matsalolin haɓaka da haɓaka. Idan akalla daya daga cikin yanayi goma da ke ciki a cikin doka kuma babu wani abu daga cikin abubuwa takwas masu tayar da hankali da aka samu don kasancewa, hukuncin ya zama mutuwa.
Mataki na gaba shi ne hukuncin kisa na alkali. Sau da yawa, akwai jinkirta tsakanin hukunci da hukunci da yanke hukunci yayin da ake sauraron zartar da fitina. Binciken ta atomatik na shari'ar ta Kotun Koli ta Kotu ta yanke hukunci. Kotun na iya yin amfani da wannan jumla ko kuma ta dakatar da hukuncin kisa.
Idan Kotun Koli ta tabbatar da wannan hukunci, to wannan lamarin zai kai ga ofishin Gwamna inda za'a duba shi ta hanyar lauyan doka da ya dace, kuma daga Gwamna kansa. Sai kawai Gwamna na iya saita kwanan wata, wanda aka yi ta hanyar sanya hannu kan takardun da aka sani da Warrant Warrant.
Ta hanyar doka, ana aiwatar da dukkan hukuncin kisa a Hukumar Institution Correctional a Rockview.