Tawon shakatawa na slum, wani lokacin ana kiransa "yawon shakatawa na ghetto," ya shafi yawon shakatawa ga yankunan talauci, musamman a Indiya, Brazil, Kenya da Indonesia. Dalilin da yawon shakatawa yawon shakatawa shine don bawa masu yawon bude ido damar damar ganin wuraren "ba na yawon shakatawa" a cikin ƙasa ko birni.
Tarihin Gudun Gudun Hijira
Duk da yake yawon shakatawa ya sami wasu ƙwarewar duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba sabon batu ba ne.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1800, masu arziki Londoners zasu yi tattaki a cikin yanayin da ke gabas ta Gabas. Yawancin farko sun fara ne a matsayin "sadaka," amma a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, wannan aikin ya yada ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a Amurka kamar New York da Chicago. Tare da buƙatar, masu gudanar da yawon shakatawa sun jagoranci jagorancin don yawon shakatawa a wadannan yankunan.
Tafiya, ko ganin yadda rabin rabi ya rayu, ya mutu a tsakiyar shekarun 1900, amma ya sake dawowa da shahara a Afrika ta Kudu saboda wariyar launin fata. Wannan yawon shakatawa, ko da yake, an kori 'yan Afirka ta kudu wadanda aka zalunta, wadanda suke so duniya ta fahimci yanayin su. Sakamakon wannan fim din "Slumdog Millionaire" ya kawo talauci na Indiya ga hankali a duniya da kuma yawon shakatawa na karuwanci zuwa garuruwa kamar Dharavi, gidan zuwa mafi girma a India.
Masu yawon shakatawa na zamani suna son kwarewa sosai, ba wurare masu shahararren wuraren wanzar da tsabta waɗanda suka kasance masu ban sha'awa a shekarun 1980 ba. Tafiya yawon shakatawa ya hadu da wannan marmarin - ba da kyan gani a cikin duniya fiye da kwarewarsu.
Tsare-tsaren Tsaro game da Gudun Hijira
Kamar yadda yake a duk yankuna na yawon shakatawa, yawon shakatawa yana iya zama lafiya - ko a'a. Lokacin zabar yawon shakatawa, baƙi ya yi amfani dasu don ƙayyade idan yawon shakatawa yana lasisi, yana da kyakkyawan suna a kan shafukan nazari kuma yana bin jagororin gida.
Alal misali, Tours da Travel, da aka yi a kan PBS, yana dauke da mutane 18,000 a Dharavi, India a kowace shekara.
Gudun yawon shakatawa suna nuna alamun lamarin, irin su asibitoci, bankuna da nishaɗi, da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da su, irin su rashin gidaje da ɗakunan wanka da ɗakin shara. Abubuwan da yawon shakatawa suka nuna ba wai kowa ba yana da ɗalibai a gida, amma wannan ba yana nufin ba su da rayuwa mai ban mamaki. Bugu da ari, kashi 80 cikin dari na kayan kuɗi daga yawon shakatawa suna komawa cikin ayyukan inganta ayyukan al'umma.
Abin takaici, wasu kamfanoni, suna ɗaukar sunaye da alamu masu kama da juna, suna ba da "tafiye-tafiye" waɗanda basu nuna alamun da bala'i amma suna amfani da al'umma. Ba su kuta kudade a cikin al'umma, ko dai.
Saboda babu wani misali don yin amfani da fasinjoji na tafiya, duk da haka, yawon bude ido ya kamata a tantance kansu ko wani kamfanin yawon shakatawa yana aiki kamar yadda ya dace da kuma yadda ya kamata.
Tafiya a Slum a Brazil
Kasashen Brazil, wurare masu launi da ke da yawa a kan iyakokin manyan biranen São Paulo, suna ziyartar masu yawon shakatawa 50,000 a kowace shekara. Rio de Janeiro yana da nisa mafi yawan yawan balaguro na kowane birni a Brazil. Tafiya ta hanyar baje kolin na Brazil ya karfafa ta da gwamnatin tarayya. Lissafi suna ba da damar fahimtar cewa waɗannan rudun tuddai sune al'ummomin da ke da mahimmanci, ba kawai magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka nuna a fina-finai ba.
Yawon shakatawa da aka ba da horo ya jagorantar masu yawon bude ido zuwa ga favela ta hanyar van kuma ya ba da damar tafiya don nuna lafaziyar gida, wuraren cibiyoyin al'umma, har ma da saduwa da mutanen da suke zaune a can. Kullum, an haramta daukar hoto a kan tsararraki na tsare-tsare don kiyaye girmamawa ga mutanen da ke zaune a can.
Manufofin gwamnati na favelas yawon shakatawa sun haɗa da:
- bayani game da tattalin arziki na favela (aiki, jindadin, kasuwanni masu haya da sauransu),
- yana nuna muhimmancin abubuwan favela (asibitoci, cin kasuwa, banki, da kuma kayan nishaɗi),
- yawon shakatawa da makarantu da cibiyoyin al'umma,
- yawon shakatawa na ayyukan al'umma,
- hulɗa da 'yan ƙasa kuma ziyarci gidajensu,
- da kuma jin dadin cin abinci a gidan cin abinci na gida.
Damuwa Game da Gudun Gudun Hijira
Yayinda Brazil ta tsara shirinta na gaggawa don yawon shakatawa, damuwa ya kasance. Duk da dokoki da jagororin, wasu masu yawon shakatawa suna daukar hotuna kuma suna raba su a kan kafofin watsa labarun.
Ko dai don ƙalubalen ƙimar ko ƙoƙari don haskaka duniya game da yanayin mutane a cikin lalata, waɗannan hotunan zasu iya yin ƙari fiye da nagarta. Wasu masu gudanar da shakatawa, kamar haka, suna amfani da masu yawon shakatawa, suna da'awar cewa shafukan su suna tallafawa harkokin kasuwancin gida ba tare da ba da gudummawa ga al'umma ba. Zai yiwu babban damuwa shi ne, lokacin da yawon shakatawa ya yi kuskure, rayuka masu tasiri suna tasiri.
Gudanar da yawon shakatawa ya dogara ga jagororin gwamnati, masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa, da kuma masu yawon shakatawa. Lokacin da waɗannan suka taru, 'yan yawon bude ido na iya samun kwarewa ta tafiya , samun gagarumar duniya kuma al'ummomin zasu iya amfana.