Gine-gine na Georgian yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin ɓangarori na al'adun Ireland, musamman ma a cikin birane. Dukkan sassa na manyan biranen Irish, da wasu ƙananan garuruwa, an tsara su kuma an gina su don jin dadi na "Georgians". Kuma idan mutane a yau suna magana game da misali "Georgian Dublin", yawancin suna nufin wani yanki ne na kudancin birnin, a kusa da dandalin Merrion, da Stephen Stephen, da Fitzwilliam Square .
Domin wadannan wurare (da Mountjoy Square a arewacin) an bayyana su sosai ta hanyar tsarin gine-gine da aka sani da tarihin Georgian a tarihin Irish (da Birtaniya).
Don haka, bari mu gano muhimman abubuwan da ake nufi game da "gine-ginen Georgian", a cikin wani gajeren bincike:
Taswirar Georgian - Menene a Sunan?
Gine-gine na Georgian ba ɗaya ne ba, wanda aka tsara. Sakamakon yana da cikakkun bayanai, kuma sau da yawa watau maɗaukaki, sunan da ake amfani da shi ga tsarin tsarin tsarin da aka yi tsakanin kimanin 1720 da 1830. Sunan yana da nasaba da halayyar 'yan Buddawa sannan a kan kursiyin Burtaniya - George I, George II, George III, kuma (zaku gane shi a yanzu) George IV. Wadannan maza sunyi sarauta da Birtaniya da Ireland a gaba daya, wanda ya fara a Agusta 1714, kuma ya ƙare a Yuni 1830.
Shin salon daya ne don gina su duka? A'a, ba tare da haɗin gwiwar Georgian kamar Royal Palace a Brighton (wanda aka gina domin George IV lokacin da yake aiki har yanzu da ake kira Prince Regent, saboda George III sannu a hankali ya rasa marubuta), akwai wasu iri-iri fiye da lokuta da yawa suka hadu da ido a cikin "jinsi na Georgian".
Kuna tsammani cewa fiye da shekara dari, ba ku?
A gaskiya ma, Encyclopaedia Britannica a cikin shigarsa a kan "jinsin Georgian" ya nuna cewa "nau'o'i daban-daban a cikin gine-gine, zane-zane, da kuma kayan ado na Birtaniya [sun kasance] irin wannan mahimmanci da yin amfani da su a cikin zane-zane a wannan lokacin wanda ya yiwu daidai ya yi magana game da 'jinsunan Georgian.' "Ku shaida kananan, amma mahimmanci, jam'i.
Amma za mu tsaya tare da cikakken fasalullolin nan a nan, don haka uzuri na yayin da na bar wannan cikakken akidar kimiyya.
Ta yaya Gidajen Gidajen Georgian Ya Ƙasa
Hanyar Georgian shi ne magaji, amma ba dole ba ne ɗan yaro na "Baroque na Turanci", wanda ya zama sanannun mashawarta kamar Sir Christopher Wren da Nicholas Hawksmoor. Akwai lokacin miƙa mulki, lokacin da gine-ginen ya ci gaba da kasancewa wasu abubuwa Baroque, amma Scotsman Colen Campbell ya tashi a wurin, yana yada sabon gine-gine. Kuma suna sanar da wannan a cikin seminal " Vitruvius Britannicus , ko Birtaniya Birtaniya".
Amma duk da haka babu wani sabon salon da aka saba da shi a cikin wannan - a maimakon haka, akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu sune tsofaffi ne, amma sun dace.
Mahimmanci, kuma watakila mafi yawan lokuta masu zaman kansu na lokacin farko na "jinsin Georgian", shi ne gine-gine na Palladian. An lasafta shi, bayanan kuma, masanin Venetian Andrea Palladio (1508 zuwa 1580). Tare da ƙarfafawa a kan alama, kuma sau da yawa yana dogara ne akan gine-ginen haikali.
Kusan 1765, Neoclassical ya zama hanyar da za a je ... wani salon sake sakewa daga gine-gine na al'ada, kunshi ka'idodin Vitruvian, kuma har yanzu ya nuna Andrea Palladio a matsayin misali na gine-ginen.
Amma, duk da haka, ya fi da'a fiye da Turai Rococo, tare da ƙarancin kayan ado.
Hanya na uku a "jinsin Georgian" shine tsarin sake gyara, kuma wani ci gaban daga Neoclassical, tare da kara daɗaɗɗa na wasu ladabi. Gina gine-ginen gyaran gyare-gyare na dan kadan kadan da wadanda suka riga su. An gyara gidajen da aka zaba don su zama gine-ginen gidaje ko wuraren haya, idan ya yiwu, da kuma kayan aiki masu kyau ga balconies, da kuma windows windows, duk suna fushi.
Mutum zai iya maimaita Tarurrukan Girkanci a nan - salon da ke da alaka da Neoclassical, amma tare da karawar Hellenanci na zamani. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-gine a cikin wannan salon zai zama babban ofishin jakadancin Dublin .
Yadda aka gina Gine-gine na Georgian
Ta hanyar halayen ilmin lissafi - alal misali, tsawo na taga yana kusan ko da yaushe a cikin daidaitaccen dangantaka da nisa, siffar ɗakunan da aka dogara ne akan cubes, uniformity yana da kyawawa sosai.
Zuwa ga mahimmanci, kamar yadda dutse na dutse, wanda aka yanke tare da sarkin soja, ya kasance a matsayin zane-zane.
Dukkansu sun sauko don samar da alama da kuma bin ka'idoji na gargajiya.
A cikin tsare-tsaren gari, kamar yadda a lokacin karuwar karni na 18 a Dublin, kwanakin gidan gaba daya a kan titin, ko a kusa da wani square, ya fi muhimmanci fiye da yadda mutum ke nunawa mutum. A hakikanin gaskiya, yawancin lokuta ana daukar hotunan, "Ƙofofin Dublin" sun kasance baƙi a zamanin Georgian.
Game da kayan gine-gine, da tubali mai laushi, ko dutse yanke, shi ne tushen. Tare da ja ko tan dabara da kuma kusan dutse dutse, rinjaye - sau da yawa ba da cikakken lick na farin Paint.
Yadda za a Zana Hanya Gidajen Georgian
Waɗannan su ne ainihin halayen gine-ginen Georgian, amma suna tunawa da nau'ukan iri iri a cikin salon, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama:
- Yawancin gidaje suna kama da akwatin mai sauƙi, yawanci ɗakunan dakuna guda biyu, tare da shirye-shirye na musamman na cikakkun bayanai;
- wani kofa mai ƙuƙwarar kofa (ko ɓangarorin biyu na kofa a cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru) zai kasance a tsakiya, tare da saitin windows, kuma an saka shi da kambi mai mahimmanci ko ƙananan, wanda yawancin magunguna masu ban sha'awa suna tallafawa - sanannen " Doors of Dublin " suna cikin wannan salon;
- za a yi masara, wanda aka fi dacewa da kayan ado da kayan ado;
- windows zai zama Multi-paned, duk windows za a shirya symmetrically;
- ƙananan ƙwallon ƙafafunni (windows dormer windows) za a yi amfani dashi a kan benen benaye, inda wuraren da barorin suka kasance.
Kuma a karshe: Shin kawai Hoton Gidajen Jakadanci ne kawai aka gano a Dublin?
Ba shakka ba - misalai na salon, tare da digiri daban-daban na tsarin gine-gine da kuma adanawa, ana iya samuwa a duk ƙasar Ireland. Kullum magana, mafi girma garin, mafi kyau damar samun gine-gine na Georgian. Birnin Birr a County Offaly , misali, sananne ne ga al'adun Georgian.
Amma ka yi hankali, wasu lokuta wadannan ba za su kasance ainihin gine-ginen Georgian ba, amma gine-gine na yau da kullum na sake gina "jinsi na Georgian". Saboda, a cikin tawali'u, a cikin kwatankwacinsa, har yanzu yana da farantawa ga ido. Kuma haka ya zama marar lokaci. Wanda za a iya cewa shine alamar nasara na ainihi.