Windmills na Amsterdam

01 na 08

Urban Windmills a Amsterdam

Kasashen Holland sune sanannun kasa ne, kuma yayin da filin jirgin sama ya fadi ya zama wuri mafi dacewa a gare su, har ma da birane suna da nauyinsu. Gano duk game da Amsterdam birane na gari - tarihin su, gine-gine da baƙo - a cikin wannan zane-zane.

02 na 08

Krijtmolen d'Admiraal (D'Admiraal Clay Mill)

Adireshin: Noordhollandschkanaaldijk 21, 1034 ZL Amsterdam
Location: Amsterdam Noord (Arewa)
Bude: Kowane Asabar ta biyu na watan, 10 na karfe 3 na yamma, daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, da kuma Ranar Kasa.

Molen d'Admiraal ne ainihin nema, musamman ga baƙi da yara a cikin tarko: ba wai kawai an buɗe wa baƙi ba, amma kuma yana da wasu 'yan hanyoyi ne daga Kinderboerderij na De Buiktuin, inda yara za su iya hulɗa da wasu dabbobin gona. (Tukwici: Ɗauki jirgin ruwa daga filin jirgin saman Amsterdam zuwa filin jirgin saman IJplein don haye kogin zuwa arewa.)

D'Admiraal wani misalin misalin (1792) na wani injin hasumiya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injin (don amfani da paintin da kuma saint) da kuma taya (wani dutse mai amfani da turmi). An ce shine kawai injin da aka yi da iska da injin da ke cikin duniya har yanzu yana amfani. Dubi shafin yanar gizon Krijtmolen d'Admiraal (Dutch kawai); idan injin mai motsi yana aiki, to, haka ne takwaransa na ainihi.

Ana kiransa inji bayan maigidansa na farko, Elisabeth Admiraal, dan wani babban mashahuriyar mutum wanda ya zabi matsayinsa a matsayin dangin dangi; tana da shekaru 90 lokacin da aka gina injin amma ya mutu a shekara bayan kammalawa. Bayan da aka yi ritaya na karshe, a shekarar 1954, an kafa asalin gida don mayar da injin, wanda shine yanzu injin injin da aka bari a kasar.

03 na 08

Molen De Bloem (ko De Blom)

Adireshin: Haarlemmerweg 465, 1055 PK Amsterdam
Location: Bos en Lommer
Bude: Sai kawai a ranar Jumhuriyar Jama'a

Ba a taƙaice matakan iska na Holland ba a wurare masu yawa na filin karkara; baƙi za su iya samun su har ma a cikin birane Amsterdam, kamar yadda ya dace daga manyan wuraren da aka fi sani da birnin. Duk wanda ya dakatar da WesterGasFabriek - zama don brunch a Bakkerswinkel , kofi a Espressofabriek ko mussels a Mossel & Gin - za su sami kyakkyawan guraben gari a kan titin daga wannan gidan cin abinci da kuma al'ada a cikin arewa maso yammacin birnin. Duk da yake ana iya ganin abincin waje a duk shekara, ciki har yanzu yana buɗewa a rana ta Musamman , ranar karshen Mayu.

De Bloem (mai suna "Bloom") An gina Windmill - wani lokaci ake kira De Blom - a shekara ta 1768 a matsayin sabon maye gurbinsa zuwa miliya ta baya. Mudun da aka yi amfani da ita shi ne injin injin, wanda shine injin wanda jikinsa - saka a tsaye a tsaye - dole ne a juya shi don yatsunsa su fuskanci iska; da sabon injin, wani injin hasumiya, an ba shi izinin tafiya kawai ko ɓangare na miliya don a juya yayin da tushe ya kasance, ya zama mafi tsabta da ingantacciyar saiti. An gina ganga a yanzu a wani ɓangare na birni, amma ya sake komawa don yin damar Marnixstraat na yau; yana daukan sunansa daga De Bloem, tsohuwar farfadowa wanda yayinda aka yi niƙa.

04 na 08

Molen De Gooyer

Adireshin: Funenkade 5, 1018 AL Amsterdam
Location: Het Funen (tsakanin Kadijken da Eastern Docklands)
Bude: A'a, amma kada ka yi kuskure da Brouwerij 'IJ yayin da kake can!

De Gooyer yana daya daga cikin shafukan da aka fi so a birni - ba wai kawai saboda kyawawan dabi'unsa, tarihinsa da matsayi ba amma har ma da masaukin birni da ke zaune a inuwa. Dangane da wani yanki na ƙasar tsakanin Kadijken, gundumar da ke arewa maso gabashin Artis Zoo , da kuma Gabashin Docklands, De Gooyer ne mai bango mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da mita 26.6, shine injin katako mafi girma a kasar .

A cikin inuwa na wannan masanin jirgin ruwa mai iska, baƙi za su sami Brouwerij 'IJ, wani shafuka mai launi da filin shafukan yanar-gizon - a lokacin da gidan wanka na gidan mota - wanda yake da alamar fashi. Yayin da ake rufe injin kanta ga jama'a, ana gudanar da ziyartar sana'a a kowace Jumma'a da Asabar da Lahadi.

Kamar Molen De Bloem a sama, De Gooyer ya fara ne a matsayin daban-daban na iska a wani wuri daban-daban - wani misali na farkon mintina na karni na 17 wanda aka motsa sau da dama a lokacin an maye gurbinsa da madogaran hasumiya wanda ya kasance a yau. Ba da daɗewa ba, a 1759, an koma shi zuwa halin yanzu a cikin Funen. (Miki yana wani lokaci, amma da wuya ake kira Funenmolen.) Ginin yana dauke da sunansa daga 'yan uwan ​​da ke da tsohuwar injin, wanda ya yi kira daga Gooiland ko Het Gooi, a arewa maso kudu maso gabashin North Holland inda filin da ke birnin Hilversum yake. wuri.

05 na 08

Molen De Otter

Adireshin: Gillis van Ledenberchstraat 78, 1052 VK Amsterdam
Location: Frederik Hendrikbuurt, kawai yammacin Jordaan
Bude: A'a

Sawmills, kamar yadda wani tarihi ya rubuta, yazo ne a cikin nau'o'i guda biyu: injin gine-gine na yau da kullum, da kuma naman alaka , wasu da suka tsira a Netherlands a yau. De Otter, wanda kwanan wata daga 1631, ya zama misali na karshen; yayin da wasu magunguna da yawa suka taba zama Kostverlorenvaart - wani tashar da ke kan iyakar yammacin Frederik Hendrikbuurt - Otter ne kaɗai ya ragu. Bugu da ƙari, birnin kusan rasa rushewar lokacin da, a shekarar 2011, masu zaman kansu sun yi ƙoƙari su shigar da shi zuwa filin motsa jiki a arewa maso yammacin Amsterdam.

De Otter na da mahimmanci ga masu goyon baya a cikin iska saboda yana daya daga cikin biyar ne kawai a cikin Netherlands. Gumar mai laushi, wani sashi na injin injin (duba De Bloem, a sama), yana zaune a kan wani tushe wanda aka haɗa da igiyoyi na katako wanda ke juyawa injin don fuskantar iska. An bayyana siffar injin don kwashe wani zane-zane, jaket mai laushi, mai ladabi a zamanin da aka saba da shi, wanda aka rataye a tsakiya tare da belin - saboda haka sunansa, wanda aka bar shi ba tare da fassara ba. Wadannan injin sun kasance da yawa a cikin Zaanstreek, yankin da aka sani ga masana'antun da ke kan iyaka; a gaskiya, wani gine-ginen da aka sake ginawa - bude wa jama'a - za a iya samu a Zaanse Schans .

06 na 08

De Riekermolen (The Rieker Windmill)

Adireshin: De Borcht 10, 1083 AC Amsterdam
Location: Amstelpark
Bude: A'a

De Riekermolen yana tsaye a kudancin kudancin Amstelpark, inda yake ba da bankin Amstel tare da wani abin tunawa ga mai rubutu Rembrandt van Rijn. Mai zane ya zana bankin kogi; amma yayin da aka gina gilashi a lokacin Rembrandt - a cikin shekarar 1631 - ba ta kasance wani ɓangare na bankin kogi ba har sai da shekaru 300 bayan da birnin ya motsa shi daga yamma.

Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa Riekermolen ya zama inji mai laushi ba tare da polder ba . Don sake dawo da kasar daga ruwa, Yaren mutanen Dutch sun yi amfani da wannan injin don yin amfani da iska don tsaftace ruwa daga ƙasar. Riekermolen sau ɗaya ya tsaya a Sloten, ba da nisa da Molen van Sloten (Sloten Windmill). A cikin shekarun 1950, aka yi ritaya daga motar ta motsa jiki kuma ta koma wurinsa a yanzu.

07 na 08

Molen van Sloten (Sloten Windmill)

Adireshin: Akersluis 10, 1066 EZ Amsterdam-Sloten
Location: Sloten (kudu maso yammacin Amsterdam)
Bude: Ee

Mai yiwuwa ne mafi shahararren mashawarcin birni, Sloten Windmill ya kasance sananne ne a wani ɓangare na gaskiyar cewa yana buɗe wa baƙi a kowace rana, duk shekara (rufe wasu lokuta). Ba'a gina gine-ginen harsashin har zuwa 1990 kuma an yi amfani dashi tun daga baya a matsayin mai injin man. Saboda sabon shiri, shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan kwandar da aka yi da kullun, saboda haka baƙi na baƙin ciki zasu iya ji daɗin ciki na injin.

Tawon shakatawa na ginin da aka gudanar a cikin minti 10 zuwa 5 na yamma (yawon shakatawa na karshe ya bar 4:30 am). Har ila yau, ma'adin yana nuna alamomi guda biyu: daya a rayuwar Rembrandt, wanda ubansa ya kasance miller; ɗayan, "Amsterdam da Water", yayi nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin gari da ruwa, wata mahimmanci mai dacewa don injin man shanu. Ƙofar gaba, ana ba da Kuiperijmuseum (Coopery Museum) don yin katako na katako - wani nau'i mai mahimmanci ga cinikin kasuwanci.

08 na 08

Hoto na 1100 da Route 1200

Wasanni biyu na gaba suna raba irin wannan tarihin, irin wannan suna kuma - sau ɗaya a lokaci - wuri guda; yanzu sun kasance a sassa daban-daban na birnin. Dukansu suna da nisa daga birnin, don haka ya fi dacewa a tsalle a kan bike don isa gare su.

Dee 1100

Adireshin: Herman Bonpad 6, 1067 SN Amsterdam
Location: Amsterdam Osdorp
Bude: A'a

Sai kawai ƙaddamar da jirgin ruwa aficionados tafiya zuwa mafi kusa da birnin don ganin wannan gilashi, da ake kira kawai "De 1100 Roe" - da 1100 Rods. Kamar sauran magunguna a kan wannan jerin, sunan yana nufin wurin tsohon mashaya, 1100 roeden , ko "sanduna" - wani tsohuwar sashi na auna cewa daidai da mita 16.5 (5 mita) - daga Haarlemmerpoort. A can ne ya kasance a matsayin mai shinge daga shekara ta 1674 har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, lokacin da aka rushe shi kuma an sake gina shi zuwa kudu don kiyaye filin wasa na Sportpark Ookmeer.

De 1200 Roe

Adireshin: Haarlemmerweg 701, 1063 LE Amsterdam-Slotermeer
Location: Slotermeer
Bude: A'a

Dukansu da 1100 Roe da 1200 Roe da aka yi amfani da su dana kusa da polders. Aikin 1200, har yanzu yana kula da wurinsa daidai da sanduna 1200 (kilomita 3/5) a yammacin Haarlemmerpoort - wani wuri ne wanda kawai masu bautar gumaka za su nema, a kilomita 6.5 daga birnin.