Kalmar nan ta ƙarshen shekarun 1990
Kwayar Celtic Tiger - ba a ji dadiyarsa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma mafi yawan Ireland sunyi imanin wannan kusa-dabba mai ban mamaki ya zama maras kyau. Amma ka tuna cewa ba mu magana ne game da ainihin jiki da jini ba, dabba a nan. Ba a taɓa yin lakabi ba, ra'ayi mai ban mamaki, da kuma kukan yaƙi na rashin girma. Celtic Tiger (Irish zai zama " Ceilteach An Tirar ", ko da yake ba a yi amfani dashi ba) yana da lokacin barci don tattalin arziki mai girma (musamman) Jamhuriyar Ireland a cikin shekarun 1995 zuwa 2000.
Wannan wani lokaci ne na bunkasar tattalin arziki - wanda yafi samuwa ta hanyar zuba jarurruka na kasashen waje da kuma gudun hijira na ƙasashen duniya zuwa Ireland a matsayin tushe mai mahimmanci don aiki da kasuwar EMEA (Turai - Gabas ta Tsakiya - Afirka). Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na zuba jarurruka a Ireland ba shine layin "ma'aikatan matasa masu ilimi ba" (sababbin sababbin kamfanoni suna nuna yawan yawan baƙi a cikin ma'aikata), amma yawan kuɗin haraji, haraji da zuba jari, da kuma damar da za su shiga "ƙididdigar lissafi", ta haka za ta rage yawan haraji ta hanyar yin amfani da Dokar Byzantine (amma doka) na kamfanoni ke hulɗa da juna.
Yadda aka haife Celtic Tiger
A lokacin shekarun karni na biyu na karni na 1990, tattalin arzikin Irish ya karu da kashi 9.4 cikin dari (tsakanin 1995 da 2000). Bayan da dama daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru (cututtuka da kuma cututtuka na annoba na Irish aikin noma da yawon shakatawa, damuwa daga hare-haren 9/11, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na duniya), ragowar ya ragu a shekara ta 2002, amma ya ci gaba da ci gaba da karuwar kashi 5.9%.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a gaban ragowar akwai wani lokaci na gaske, yawanci saboda fasaha da fasaha na fitar da kayan fitarwa. Amma bayan raguwa, sai Celtic Tiger ya fara cin abinci a kan kitsensa: abin da ake kira "kumfa" ya zo, tare da (farashin) farashi na farashi wanda ya haifar da karuwar kudaden shiga haraji, wanda ya haifar da matakan da ba a samu ba. artificially halitta "arziki mai yiwuwa" tare da girma bashi - a takaice, wani gigantic Ponzi makirci.
A wannan lokacin, canje-canje masu ban mamaki sun shafi al'ummar Irish: Ireland a gaban Celtic Tiger na ɗaya daga cikin kasashe mafi talauci a Yammacin Turai - kawai ya zama (kusan dare) daya daga cikin masu arziki. Tare da kuɗi don ajiya. Shaidu akan karbar kudaden jama'a (sau da yawa akan ayyukan da ke cikin manyan abubuwan da ba a san su ba, yayin da yake da alaƙa da kayan aikin asali kamar sashen kiwon lafiya), raguwar haraji na kowane shekara, da kuma haɗin kuɗin kudi na zamanin. Rashin samun kuɗi na gida ya tashi zuwa matakan da ba a sani ba kuma wanda ba a san shi ba, wanda ya haifar da saukakawa a cikin kudaden kaya, tare da bukukuwan kasashen waje, kayan nishaɗi, kayayyaki masu kyan gani (Ireland yana da mafi girma a cikin mazaunan masu mallakar mallaka fiye da Amurka a lokaci daya). .. makasudin kayan aiki. A shekara ta 2007 tallace-tallace na rediyo sun nuna matasan ma'aurata su yi ritaya a kan bayanan da suka mallaki miliyoyin dukiyar mallakar su kimanin shekaru 45. Aikin da aka gina ta hanyar jingina ta 110% ...
Yayin da rata tsakanin mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci na gidaje ya karu, rashin aikin yi ya fadi daga 18% (1980) zuwa 4.5% (2007, ko da bayan mahawara masu yawa daga baƙi daga Gabashin Turai). Yawan farashin masana'antu ya karu, da kumbura (5% a kowace shekara ).
Dukkan wannan haɗuwa don tura farashin Irish har zuwa mafi yawan ƙasashen da ke da tsada a ƙasashen Nordic , a farashin biya kamar Birtaniya.
Mutuwar Feline
A shekara ta 2008, Celtic Tiger ya mutu, a cewar gwamnati na yau ba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da tsammani ba, kamar yadda masana masu kyan gani ba tare da kyan gani ba bayan rashin lafiya da rashin lafiya ... tare da sauran duniya, Ireland ta koma koma bayan tattalin arziki. GDP ya karu da kashi 14 cikin dari kuma matakan rashin aikin yi ya kai 14%, tare da tafiyar da farawa saboda rashin asarar. An ƙidaya Ireland daga cikin PIGS ko PIIGS (ƙasashen Turai na Portugal, Ireland, Italiya, Girka da Spain). Kuma waccan wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin shine cewa bambanci tsakanin Iceland da Ireland sun kasance "wasika guda uku da kimanin watanni uku" .. Sai dai ta hanyar karbar taimako daga magungunan waje don haka ana iya kiyaye jihar ...
A karshen shekarar 2013, Ireland ta sake samun karfin kuɗi na kudi, amma kudin Irish na shekarar 2014 har yanzu ya zama kasafin kuzari (tare da biyan kuɗi din ba ainihin sauƙaƙe nauyin) ba, kuma baza'a iya yiwuwa a sake yin watsi da Tiger Celtic ba.
Tiger Cubs mai suna Celtic
Tsarin da aka haifa a cikin wannan yanayin (ko akalla balaga a lokacin) ana kiransa "Celtic Tiger Cubs". Wani lokacin rufewa don tsarawar Irish da aka haife shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da 1990, wanda aka taso a cikin wani lokaci mai yawa. Wanne, a cikin kanta, ba daidai ba ne - rata tsakanin masu karɓar kyauta da masu karɓar rashawa ya ƙaru sosai yayin lokacin Celtic Tiger, kuma waɗanda ke cikin yanayin rashin talauci basu sami kansu ba. Magana mai maƙirarin "Celtic Tiger Cubs" ya kamata kawai ya shafi waɗanda aka haife shi a cikin akalla "ɗayan tsakiya," kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar samun kudin shiga fiye da wani abu.
A yanzu an ga Celtic Tiger Cubs a matsayin "tsarawar zamani", watakila ma "faduwar zamani". Bayan girma tare da karfi da karfin samun dama, yawancin abubuwan da aka sa ran, da kuma bauta wa masu cin amana. Bayan da ba shi da kwarewa game da "matsalolin wahala" (batun da ya kasance a cikin labarun daga tsofaffi tsofaffin), haɓakar tattalin arziki ta zama kamar fawn ta hanyar jirgin motsi.
Babban adadin Celtic Tiger Cubs kuma sun watsar da hanyoyi na al'ada don samun kudi mai sauri ba tare da dacewar ilimin ilimi ba - yana haifar da yawan marasa aiki tare da basirar ƙwarewa. A wani ɓangare na daban, masu digiri da "nauyin haɓaka" suna yawaita. Kamar yadda Celtic Tiger ya shiga tarihin Irish , haka ma 'yan uwansa ...