City Asalin da kuma muhimman abubuwan da suka faru
Paris ta zama babban birni mai girma da kuma cibiyar ci gaban ilimi da fasaha na ƙarni. Tushen birni ya kai ga karni na uku BC, da kuma al'adun al'adu kamar yadda Celtic, Roman, Scandinavia, da Ingilishi suka saka cikin al'adun gadon birnin. Yana da tarihin da ya yi tsayi sosai kuma ya kasance mai wuyar ganewa don taƙaitawa, amma a nan akwai taƙaitaccen labarin abubuwan da ke faruwa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru.
Dates na gaba a tarihin Paris:
- Karni na 3 BC: Yankin da ke kusa da Ile Ile de Cité da bankunan da ke da ban sha'awa na Kogin Seine sun zauna ne ta hanyar kabilar Celtic, watau Parisii . An kira wannan gari ne Lutetia .
- 52 BC: Ƙasar Romawa karkashin Julius Kaisar ta kama garin, wanda ya zama ɓangare na yankin Roman da ake kira Gaul.
- Kusan 250 AD: An yi Krista Krista. An gina majami'u na farko.
- Shekaru 4th-9: Harshen Frankish da Norman. Clovis na furta mulkin Gaul kuma ta ambaci Lutetia Paris.
- 1163: Ginin Katolika na Notre Dame ya fara. Zai ɗauki kimanin ƙarni biyu kuma daruruwan ma'aikata su kammala wannan kyakkyawan ginin gothic.
- 12th da 13th karni: An gina sauran wuraren tunawa da sauran wuraren, ciki har da Sorbonne da kantin Katolika na Sainte-Chapelle . Rashin fadin ( Marais ) a gefen dama na Seine an ruɗa kuma garin yana fadada arewacin Seine. Kusan 1200, gina wani sansanin soja wanda ya haɗa da Louvre ya fara, yana kewaye da birnin na da.
- Ƙarshen karni na 14: Kusan rabin al'ummar Paris suna hallaka ta hanyar annoba, wanda aka fi sani da Mutuwa Black, yana shafewa a Yammacin Turai. Abin ba shakka, annoba zai haifar da gazawar aikin da ke amfani da su ga ƙauye, da kuma samuwa na bourgeoisie, ko kuma ƙungiya mai cin gashin kanta.
- 1449: Joan na Arc da Faransan sun rinjayi Ingilishi a Orleans, sun ƙare kusan shekaru goma na mulkin Ingila na al'ada a Faransa. An fassara Ingilishi daga Faransa a 1453.
- Ƙarshen karni na 15: Renaissance (a zahiri, "sake haifuwa") ya fara ne a birnin Paris, ya mai da birni a matsayin cibiyar fasaha, kimiyya, da kuma gine-gine. Harkokin fasaha na cigaba da kaiwa ga sprawl birni.
- Ƙarshen karni na 16: Cutar rikice-rikicen addini tsakanin Furotesta da Katolika sun kai ga kisan kiyashin St. Bartholomew. Fiye da 3000 Huguenots Furotesta sun halaka a kisan gillar.
- 1643: A shekara ta 5, Louis XIV, wanda aka fi sani da Sun King, ya zama Sarkin Faransa. Mulkinsa ya gabatar da lokacin wadataccen wadata - ba a ambaci ƙaddara ba. Sarki ya gina Versailles a shekara ta 1623, yana kawar da tsakiyar wutar lantarki daga Palais Royal a tsakiyar Paris zuwa ƙauye.
- 1774: Louis XVI ya hau gadon sarautar. An san shi da rashin fahimtar siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma da haɗin kansa tare da kullun da kullun, ya auri Marie Antoinette, 'yar yarinyar mai karfi Maria Theresa.
- Yuli 14, 1789: Kotun Birnin Bastille da ke birnin Paris tana fuskantar mummunar mummunar tashin hankali kuma an kone shi a lakabi, inda yake nuna farkon juyin juya hali na Faransa. Ana zargin Louis XVI da Marie Antoinette da yawa daga cikin ƙetare da rashin kula da yanayin mutane.
- 1792: Fall of the monarchy and declaration of the first French french. A shekara ta 1793, Louis XVI da Marie Antoinette suna cikin haɗari.
- 1793-1799: "juyin juya halin juyin juya halin" juyin juya hali ya haifar da dubban hukuncin kisa da kuma rukuni na gaba, kuma Paris ita ce cibiyarta. An dakatar da addini kuma an kafa sabon kalandar.
- 1799: Babban mayaƙan juyin juya hali mai suna Napoleon Bonaparte ya tabbatar da gwamnatin tawaye. Ya zama Sarkin sarakuna a 1804. Sarautarsa tana da mahimmanci akan gwagwarmayar Faransanci a Jamhuriyar Republican-wannan alama ce ta Napoleon ta koma cikin tsohon sarauta na mulki a Versailles. Gwajin Sarki na iko da nasara ya haifar da mulkin mallaka na fadin Afirka ta Arewa. Ya ci nasara a Waterloo a 1815.
- Shekaru na karni na 19: Labaran da ke da mafi yawancin bayyane a yau an gina shi ne ta Baron Haussmann, karkashin jagorancin Sarkin Napoleon III. Tsarin garuruwa da tsarin tsararraki suna maye gurbin mafi yawan kunkuntar kunkuntar, ƙananan hanyoyi da kuma tituna na Renaissance-a birnin.
- 1870: Bayan an kawo mummunar yaki tare da Prussians, an bayyana Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta uku, inda aka nuna farkon cibiyoyin dimokuradiyya a Faransa. Belle Epoque yana buɗewa, wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa da al'adu a tarihin Paris. Gine-gine na fasaha na zamani da kuma sauran fasaha irin su ra'ayoyin da suka shafi duniya.
- Shekarun 1920 da 1930: Paris na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a duniya a gwaji a cikin fasaha da wallafe-wallafe. Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, da kuma "Rushewar Halitta" na marubucin Turanci kamar Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, James Baldwin, Gertrude Stein, da kuma Ezra Pound suka sanya Paris gidansu.
- 1940: Nazi Jamus ya mamaye Paris kuma yana tafiya akan Champs-Elysées . Aikin shekaru hudu fara. Janar Charles de Gaulle ya tsere zuwa London kuma ya jagoranci wani gwagwarmaya daga kasashen waje, aikawa da sakonni ga masu adawa kan rediyon Britaniya.
- 1942: Mai haɗin gwiwar gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa wajen fitar da kullun Yahudawa a cikin sansanin nazi na Nazi, da farko ya tara su a Velodrome d'Hiver kusa da Eiffel Tower .
- 1944: Sojoji sun janye daga Paris. Birnin ya ci gaba da halartar halakar da Nazis lokacin da jami'in ya ƙi bin umurnin Hitler.