Duk da kasancewarsa shugaban kasa na tsawon lokaci guda, Nelson Mandela za a tuna da shi har abada a matsayin shugabanci mafi rinjaye Afrika ta Kudu ya san. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na masana'antun kasar - ba kawai saboda shi ne shugaban fata na farko ba, amma saboda ya yi aiki sosai a gabansa kafin bayan da ya zaɓa ya kawo zaman lafiya da bambancin launin fata ga wata ƙasa da rashin bambanci tsakanin raba gardama.
A yau, ana kiran shi da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu da sunan danginsa, Madiba. Hotonsa ya fito ne a waje, kuma akwai tunawa da Nelson Mandela a duk faɗin ƙasar. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu dubi wuraren da suka tsara rayuwar Madiba, da kuma abubuwan da za a iya gani a yau.
Transkei: Yankin Mandela
An haifi Nelson Mandela ne a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli 1918 a kauyen Mvezo, dake yankin Transkei na Afirka ta Kudu. Transkei daga baya zai zama na farko na 10 ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙasashen da aka kafa a karkashin tsarin mulkin wariyar launin fata, kuma shekaru da dama mazauna garin sun ratsa kan iyakokin kasashen waje don shiga Afirka ta Kudu. A yau, al'adun gargajiyar Xhosa ne da aka sani game da abubuwa biyu - ƙarancinta, ba da kyawun kyawawan dabi'u, da kuma ainihi a matsayin wurin haifuwar Mandela da kuma yawancin mutanensa (ciki har da Walter Sisulu, Chris Hani da Oliver Tambo ).
Mandela ya tafi makaranta a Qunu, dake arewacin Mvezo. A nan an ba shi sunansa na Kirista, Nelson - kafin ya san iyalinsa kamar Rohlilahla, sunan Xhosa yana nufin "mai rikici".
Yau, baƙi zuwa Transkei ba su daina gabatar da fasfocin su - an sake rajistar yankin zuwa Afirka ta Kudu bayan faduwar wariyar launin fata.
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu ga wadanda suke fata su bi tafarkin Madiba - Nelson Mandela Museum a Mthatha, babban birnin Transkei; da Nelson Mandela Youth & Heritage Center a Qunu. Tsohon ya ba da cikakken bayani game da rayuwar shugaban kasa, bisa ga littafinsa Long Walk zuwa Freedom . Har ila yau, yana ha] a da abubuwan nuni na wucin gadi, kuma yana da alamun kyaututtuka da aka bai wa Mandela ta Afrika ta Kudu da kuma fitilu na duniya a yayin rayuwarsa. Cibiyar Qunu ta mayar da hankalin Mandela ne a farkon rayuwarsa, tare da hanyar al'adar al'adar da take dauke da ku zuwa wuraren tarihi kamar gidan tsohon makarantarsa da sauran coci inda aka yi masa baftisma.
Johannesburg: Haihuwar Mandela da Kungiyar
A shekara ta 1941, Nelson Mandela ya kai ziyara a Johannesburg, bayan ya bar Transkei don ya tsere daga aure. A nan ne ya kammala karatun BA, ya fara horo a matsayin lauya kuma ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar ANC. A shekara ta 1944, ya kafa kungiyar matasa ta ANC tare da Oliver Tambo, wanda zai ci gaba da zama shugaban jam'iyyar. Mandela da Tambo sun kafa kamfanin lauya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1952. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ANC ta kara karuwa, kuma an kama Mandela da abokansa sau da yawa, har zuwa karshen shekarar 1964, an yanke masa hukunci tare da wasu bakwai ɗaurin kurkuku a bayan Rivonia Trial.
Akwai wurare da yawa a Johannesburg don ƙarin koyo game da rayuwar Mandela a cikin birnin. Tsarinku na farko shi ne Mandela House a garin Soweto, inda Mandela da iyalinsa suka rayu daga 1946 zuwa 1996. A gaskiya ma, Mandela ya zo nan bayan da aka ba shi 'yanci a 1990. Yanzu mallakar Soweto Trust, gidan yana cike da tarihin Mandela da hotuna na rayuwarsa kafin a tura shi zuwa Robben Island. Liliesleaf Farm shine wani dole ne ya ziyarci magoya bayan Mandela a Johannesburg. Da yake zaune a yankin na Rivonia, gonar ita ce cibiyar asiri na 'yan gwagwarmayar ANC a shekarun 1960. Yau, gidan kayan gargajiya ya nuna labarin Mandela da sauran mayakan 'yanci, da gwagwarmaya da tsarin mulkin wariyar launin fata.
Yankin Robben: Kurkuku na Mandela na tsawon shekaru 18
Bayan shari'ar Rivonia, aka aika Mandela zuwa gidan yarin siyasa a kan tsibirin Robben , wanda yake a cikin Table Bay ta Cape Town.
Ya zauna a nan har tsawon shekaru 18 da suka gabata, yana fama da tilasta tilasta aiki a cikin wani shinge a lokacin rana kuma yana barci a cikin wani karamin cell a daren. Yanzu shafin yanar gizon duniya na UNESCO , tsibirin Robben ba shi da kurkuku. Masu ziyara za su iya bincika kwayoyin halitta da kuma ginin da Mandela ya yi a kan wani rangadin kwana biyu daga Cape Town, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan fursuna wanda zai ba da hankali game da yadda rayuwa ta kasance kamar Mandela da sauran 'yan gwagwarmaya a kurkuku a nan. . Sauran dakatarwa a kan yawon shakatawa suna ba da labarin game da tarihin shekaru 500 na tsibirin, ciki har da lokacin da yake zama mai kuturu. Abinda ya fi dacewa, shi ne, ziyarar da ya shafi tunanin Mandela.
Kotun Victor Verster: Ƙarshen Kurkuku
Bayan ya yi fama da ciwon daji da kuma tarin fuka, Mandela ya koma gidan yari na Pollsmoor a Cape Town kuma daga bisani ya shafe watanni a asibiti. Bayan da aka sake shi a shekara ta 1988, an sake shi zuwa gidan kurkukun Victor Verster, wanda ke cikin Cape Winelands. Ya shafe watanni 14 na ƙarshe na ɗaurin kurkuku na shekaru 27 a cikin kwanciyar hankali, a cikin gidan mai kulawa maimakon a tantanin halitta. A farkon watan Fabrairun 1990, an dakatar da ANC a matsayin rashin wariyar launin fata da ya fara rasa ransa. Ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun, Nelson Mandela ya sake fitowa - bayan shekaru hudu bayan haka, za a zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko a kasar. Kurkuku yanzu shine Gidan gyare-gyare na Groot Drakenstein. Masu ziyara sun zo don su nuna girmamawa ga gunkin tagulla na Mandela, wanda aka gina a wurin da ya dauki matakai na farko a matsayin ɗan free.