Birnin Moroccan na Marrakech yana cike da kyan gani tare da misalai na ɗaukar gine-ginen tarihi. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki daga wadannan su ne Saadian Tombs, wanda yake tsaye a waje da ganuwar medina kusa da Masallaci mai suna Koutoubia. An gina a lokacin mulkin Sultan Ahmad el Mansour a karni na 16, kaburburan yanzu sun zama duniyar ga masu baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
Tarihin Wasum
Ahmad el Mansour shi ne karo na shida da Sultan wanda ya fi shahara a zamanin Daular Saadi, wanda yake shugabancin Morocco daga 1578 zuwa 1603.
An bayyana rayuwarsa da mulkinsa ta hanyar kisan kai, rikici, gudun hijira da kuma yaki, kuma ana amfani da gagarumin yakin neman nasarar gina gine-gine a duk fadin birnin. Gidajen Saadian sun kasance wani ɓangare na kyautar El Mansour, wanda ya kammala a rayuwarsa don zama babban wurin binne ga Sarkin da zuriyarsa. El Mansour bai kare komai ba, kuma lokacin da aka shiga shi a cikin 1603, kaburbura sun zama kyakkyawan kyakkyawan aikin fasaha na Morocco da gine-gine.
Bayan mutuwar Mans Mansour, kaburburan sun sami kwanciyar hankali. A shekara ta 1672, Sultan Moulay Ismail ya fara mulki, kuma a cikin ƙoƙari na kafa mallakarsa, ya shirya game da lalata gine-gine da kuma wuraren da aka kafa a zamanin Mans Mansour. Mai yiwuwa wary na jawo fushin magabatansa ta hanyar ɓarna wurin da suka ƙare, Ismail ba ya zubar da kaburbura a ƙasa ba, duk da haka. Maimakon haka, sai ya rufe ƙyamarensu, ya bar wata hanya ta kusa da ke cikin Masallacin Koutoubia.
Bayan lokaci, an rufe kaburburan, mazaunansu da ƙawa a ciki daga ƙwaƙwalwar garin.
An manta da kabilun Saadian fiye da shekaru 200, har sai wani mai bincike na kasar Faransa Hubert Lyautey ya umurce su da cewa sun kasance a cikin 1917. Bayan dubawa, Lyautey ya gane darajar kaburbura kuma ya fara ƙoƙarin sake mayar da su ga tsohuwar ɗaukaka .
Kaburburan Yau
A yau, kaburburan suna budewa sau ɗaya, suna ba wa jama'a damar yin shaida a kan abin da ya rage daga daular Saadi. Ginin yana da ban sha'awa a cikin zane, tare da yin gyare-gyare da kayan ado, da kayan itace masu mahimmanci da marubutan marubuta mai shigo da shi. A ko'ina cikin kaburbura, mousics masu launin fata da nau'in launi na kamala suna tsaye ne a matsayin ƙwararru ga ƙwarewar masu sana'a na karni na 16. Akwai manyan mausoleums guda biyu, tare da dauke da 66 kaburbura; yayin da lambun furen ke ba da wuri ga kaburburan mutane fiye da 100 na gidan sarauta - ciki har da masu ba da shawara, sojoji da bawa. Wadannan ƙananan kaburbura an yi musu ado tare da rubuce-rubucen Islama.
Mausoleums Biyu
Mashahurin farko da mafi shahararren mausoleum yana gefen hagu na ƙwayar. Ya zama wurin binne martabar El Mansour da zuriyarsa, kuma zauren shiga shi ne keɓewa ga kabarin marubuta da dama daga cikin shugabannin Saadian. A cikin wannan ɓangaren mausoleum, wanda kuma zai iya samun kabarin Moulay Yazid, daya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da za a binne su a cikin kabari Saadian bayan mulkin Moulay Ismail. Yazid da aka sani da Mad Sultan, kuma ya yi mulki na tsawon shekaru biyu tsakanin 1790 da 1792 - wani lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar yakin basasa.
Mahimmanci na farko mausoleum, duk da haka, shi ne kabarin kabarin El Mansour kansa.
El Mansour ya ta'allaka ne daga zuriyarsa a wani ɗakin tsakiya mai suna Chamber of the Twelve Pillars. An zana ginshiƙai daga ƙarancin marmara Carrara wanda aka shigo daga Italiya, yayin da aka zana kayan ado na zinariya tare da zinariya. Ƙofofin da fuskokin kabarin El Mansour suna ba da misalai masu ban mamaki na aikin zane-zane, yayinda aikin tayarwa a nan ba shi da kyau. Na biyu, dan kadan mausoleum ya ƙunshi kabarin uwar El Mansour, da kuma mahaifinsa, Mohammed ash Sheikh. An san shahararrun shahararrun shahararriyar Ash Sheikh a matsayin wanda ya kafa daular Saadi da kuma kisansa a hannun sojojin Ottoman a lokacin rikici a shekara ta 1557.
Bayanai masu dacewa
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta isa Saadian Tombs shine su bi Babbar Bab Agnaou daga kasuwar kasuwancin Marjake, Djemaa el Fna.
Bayan shakatawa na mintina 15, hanya take kaiwa Masallacin Koutoubia (wanda aka sani da Masallacin Kasbah); kuma daga can, akwai alamomi bayyanannu ga kaburburan kansu. Kaburburan suna buɗewa kullum daga karfe 8:30 am - 11:45 am sannan kuma daga 2:30 am - 5:45 pm. Shigarwa yana biyan dirar 10 (kimanin $ 1), kuma ana iya haɗuwa da sauƙi tare da yawon shakatawa a kusa da Fadar El Badi. Fadar El Badi kuma ta gina El Mansour, sannan kuma Moulay Ismail ya kori.