Irish Monk, Saint da Sanarwa ga Discovery na Amurka
Saint Brendan (a Irish Brenanain , a Icelandic Brandanus ) na Clonfert ya rayu a ƙarshen 5th da farkon karni na 6 - kuma daga cikin tsarkakan Irish da ke da nasaba da shi shine sanannun Amurka.
Ko kuwa?
An san shi a matsayin mai nema saboda labarin da ya fada game da basirarsa a cikin ba'a sani ba. Wanne zai hada da tafiya zuwa Amirka. Zai yiwu. Amma menene ainihin gaskiyar gaskiya?
Bari mu dubi Brendan da jirginsa.
Brendan Tarihi
Farawa tare da disclaimer - kamar yadda ya saba, akwai ƙananan bayanai ko takardun da ke akwai game da tarihin Brendan. Sai kawai kwanakin kwanakin haihuwarsa da mutuwa tare da bayanan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsa za a iya samuwa a cikin asali da asali. Sauran kuwa shi ne hagiography, kamar "Life of Brendan" da kuma "Voyage na Saint Brendan da Abbot". Dukansu sun fi ban sha'awa a hanyar da suka nuna tasirinsa akan Kristanci a Ireland. Amma dukansu sun hada da shekaru masu yawa bayan ya wuce.
An haifi Brendan a cikin kimanin 484, hadisin yana faruwa a ko kusa da Tralee ( County Kerry ). Yayin da 'yan majami'a da mata suka koyar da shi tun da wuri, an ce ya shiga makarantar mujerun Ist Jarlath a garin Tuam yana da shekaru shida.
An tsara shi a matsayin firist na Saint Erc a kusa da 512, Brendan ya fara aiki a mishan kuma ya zama sananne a matsayin daya daga cikin "Manzanni goma sha biyu na Ireland".
Wannan yayi daidai da farkon aikinsa a matsayin "Mai Navigator" (ma'anar "Voyager" ko kuma "Ƙananan") - Brendan yana zaɓar manufa ta jirgin ruwan a kusa da tsibirin da tsibirin (ko a kashe) Ireland. Ya kasance mai jarrabawa ya kuma sami tagomashi ga Scotland, Wales da Brittany ... kafa masana'antun kan hanya.
A lokacin wadannan abubuwan ne Brendan ya tara ƙungiyar wakilai wadanda suka shiga shi a kan neman yunkurin zuwa "Land of Promise", aljanna ta duniya, ba tare da rikicewa da "ƙasar alkawari" mafi mahimmanci a yankin Isra'ila ba.
Aikin Brendan - al'adun Irish
"The Voyage of Saint Brendan" shi ne ainihin nau'i-nau'i - kuma wani ɓangare na wallafe-wallafe a cikin tsohuwar Ireland, wato " immram ". Rubutun tafiye-tafiyen da suka shafi jaruntaka, jiragen ruwa da kuma neman kyakkyawar duniya. Kamar ƙasa na matashi na har abada, Tir na nOg , wanda aka kwatanta da shi a matsayin tsibirin dake yammacin Ireland, nesa, har ma da gefen duniya.
Dan gudun hijira Irish ya fi kyau a cikin karni na bakwai da na 8, ana iya rubuta sakonnin Brendan na farko a wannan lokaci, wanda aka lalata da wasu labaru. Abin da ya sa ba zai yiwu ba a gane wane sassan ne "asali", waɗanne sassa sune alamu kuma waɗanda suke da asusun (ƙari ko žasa).
A taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen labari na Brendan Voyage
Kamar yadda labarin ya kasance a cikin wasu nau'i-nau'i, a nan ne ƙasusuwa banda: Brendan ya bayyana tare da ƙungiyar mabiyan (ba dole ba ne a gare su masu imani) don samun "Isle of the Blessed" ko "Land of Promise", wani Kyakkyawan kiristanci na Tir na nOg da kusan sama a duniya (ko aljanna).
A kan wannan tafiya mutane da yawa masu kallo suna jira ... daga halitta mamaki ga dabbobin daji. Kuma fitina, gwaji kullum.
A (yiwuwar) Kerry Coast, Brendan ya gina jirgin ruwa na Irish na al'ada, ya rufe shi da boye da bala'i, kuma, bayan da aka yi azumi na kwana arba'in, sai ya shiga cikin faɗuwar rana. Dalili na wannan kamfani? A fili Saint Barrid ya kasance a can, ya yi haka kuma ya ba da labari, don haka Brendan ya sami mawuyacin hali.
Kashe suna tafiya daga tsibirin zuwa tsibirin kuma a fadin babban ruwa. Ciki (wasu) shaidun Habasha, tsuntsaye suna raira waƙoƙin zabura, tsohuwar ruhu, ruji da ruwa wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai karfi mai mahimmanci, wasu "halittu masu rai" da suke kashe juna da kyau, Yahuza a ranar hutu daga jahannama, wani abincin da aka samar da shi ta hanyar tamanin da sauransu ... har sai sun kai ga "Land of Promise", masu girma biyar da juna, suna tafiya a gida kuma wannan shi ne.
Girman kayan kaya, amma ba daidai ba ne kayan kyautar Nobel. Kuma, a kullum magana, ci gaba da gargaɗin da zai jagoranci rayuwa mai kyau, rayuwar Krista.
Haɗin Amirka
Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Brendan Voyage an fassara su a matsayin kwatancin wurare na ainihi. Baya ga bayyane kamar tsibirin da ya rushe lokacin da masanan suka haskaka wuta ... ba za ka haskaka wuta a kan whales ba. Amma ka ɗauki tsibirin da wasu ƙwararrun maƙera suke zaune, suna jefa wuta a kan matafiya. Shin wannan zai iya zama Iceland, ya cika da aikin volcanic?
A ƙarshe duk ya dogara da yadda kake karanta Brendan Voyage, ba yadda aka rubuta ...
Kuma wannan ya shafi binciken Amurka. Wanne ya dogara ne akan zato cewa idan ka tashi daga yamma daga Ireland iyakar ta gaba ita ce Amurka. Wanne gaskiya ne ... idan kayi hakikanin gaskiya kuma ba a juya zuwa Greenland, Iceland, Canaries Islands, Azores ko wani wuri ba. Ka tuna cewa mutum na karshe da ya gano Amurka yana zaton ya isa Indiya.
Sai dai bayan an raba Brendan na wucin gadi a matsayin ainihin tsauraran mahimmanci, tare da yin amfani da waɗannan masu daraja kamar Ulysses da Sinbad, ra'ayin ya zo cewa a nan muna da "tabbacin" cewa Irish sune farkon mutanen Turai zuwa Amurka. Wata fassarar fassarar rubutu ... amma ba tare da ainihin ainihin mahimmanci ba.
Shaida akan yiwuwar - Tim Severin
Binciken Birtaniya, masanin tarihin da marubuci Tim Severin (wanda ya rubuta sutura a kan abubuwan da ya faru a Hector Lynch, wanda aka sace shi daga Ireland ta hanyar Barbary cairsairs) yayi kokari sake sake yin tafiya a Brendan. A shekara ta 1976 ya gina jirgi na Brendan tare da kayan aikin gargajiya kawai, tsawon mita goma sha daya, tare da kullun fata kuma an rufe shi ba tare da kaya ba.
Lokacin da yake tashi zuwa teku a cikin watan Mayu 1976, Severin da 'yan ƙungiyar' yan kasuwa sun tashi a kan "Brendan" a kan tafiya fiye da kilomita 7,000 daga Ireland zuwa Newfoundland, tare da kammalawa a Iceland. Yayin da yake tafiya na tafiya Brendan, Severin yayi ƙoƙari ya gano ainihin rayuwar rayuwar "abubuwan da ke cikin" a cikin immram . Ba dukkanin su ba, amma gaskiya ne.
Wannan, tare da gaskiyar cewa Severin ya iya gudanar da "Brendan" zuwa Arewacin Amirka, ya jagoranci wasu takardun shaida ga "Amfanin Amurka" ... ko da yake ba za a iya gani ba a matsayin hujja. Ana amfani da ainihin jirgin ruwan lokacin amfani da shi a Craggaunowen Museum. Don bayanin fassarar, karanta littafin Severin, The Brendan Voyage .
Kuma Brendan ... Ina Yayi Go?
Ya ci gaba da tafiyarwa, ya kafa wasu masallatai kuma ya mutu a 577, ana bikin bikin ranar 16 ga Mayu. An yi la'akari da cewa an shiga shi a Clonfert Cathedral.