Bayani na Kasashe na Farko a Peru

Yawancin haɗarin yanayi na faruwa a Peru, waɗansunsu suna iyakance ne kawai zuwa ɗaya daga cikin yankuna uku na ƙasar Peru amma wasu suna faruwa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Ƙasar Andean, musamman, in ji Anthony Oliver-Smith a cikin Angry Earth , "a koyaushe ya kasance wani yanki mai haɗari a duniya."

Ga mafi yawan matafiya, wadannan halayen bazai iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani ba. Kuna iya shawo kan jinkirin tafiya da ambaliyar ruwa da rushewa - musamman ma idan kuna tafiya da bas din Peru - amma haɗarin rauni ko muni shine kadan.

A wasu lokuta, babban bala'i zai iya haifar da raguwa da yawa, kuma a cikin mafi munin yanayi, asarar rai - halin da ake ciki na matsayin Peru a matsayin ƙasa mai tasowa. A cewar Young da León a cikin Natural Hazards a Peru , "Mawuyacin halin da ake ciki a cikin Peru zuwa ga halayen dabi'a yana kara da talauci da kuma haɗuwa tsakanin abin da kimiyya zata iya hango ko kuma abin da mutane za su yi."

Wadannan abubuwa masu haɗari na halitta sune na kowa a Peru kuma suna da alaka da yanayin duniyar ko ilimin geology. Mutane da yawa suna faruwa a kusa ko jim kadan bayan wani haɗari masu alaka, irin su girgizar kasa da ke haifar da jerin tsararraki.

• 01 na 07

  Girgizar ƙasa

  {Asar Peru tana da ala} a da girgizar asa , yawancin alamu da ke nuna " Zona Segura en Casos de Sismos " ("Yankin Tsaro a Yanayin Girgizar ƙasa"). Kusan kowace shekara, yawancin ƙasashe suna da kwarewa kusan 200 kananan girgizar kasa a kowace shekara, tare da girgizar ƙasa mai girma guda biyar zuwa shida. Rahotanni masu yawa a cikin shekaru 50 da suka wuce sun hada da girgizar kasa na 1970 a yankunan tsakiya na tsakiya da Andean na Peru (kashe kimanin mutane 70,000 Peruvians), girgizar kasa na Alto Mayo na 1990 da kuma girgizar kasa da ta kai Pisco a shekara ta 2007.

• 02 na 07

  Landslides da Avalanches

  Ƙananan yanki suna faruwa akai-akai a Peru, musamman ma a yankuna masu tuddai da jungle a lokacin damina, sau da yawa ana hana hanyoyi da kuma haifar da jinkirin shiga sufuri. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan suna sa mutane suyi, irin su gina hanyoyi da kansu. Hanyoyin da ke faruwa a yanayi na farko sune sakamakon tsananin nauyi, amma abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin lalata suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Biyu daga cikin tsararraki mafi banƙyama a cikin shekaru hamsin da suka gabata sune sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da ke fitowa daga Nevado Huascarán, mafi girma dutse a Peru . A shekara ta 1962, gilashin da ke ratayewa ya fadi daga dutsen, yana dauke da shi da magungunan kwari. An binne kananan garuruwa tara kuma an kashe fiye da mutane 4,000. Ruwa na biyu na Huascarán ya haifar da mummunar girgizar kasa na 1970, inda ya haifar da wani gungu na kankara gilashi ya rabu da dutsen, wanda hakan ya sa garin Yungay babban birnin kasar.

• 03 of 07

  Ambaliyar ruwa

  Ruwan ruwa ambaliyar lokaci ce a Peru, musamman a cikin tsaunuka da ƙauyen. Wasu garuruwa, irin su Tingo Maria a cikin babban filin daji na Huánuco, suna fama da ambaliyar ruwa da yawa a cikin shekaru masu yawa (sakamakon ruwan sama mai yawa). Har ila yau, yankin Cusco ya shawo kan manyan ambaliyar ruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A shekara ta 2010, tarin ruwa da ruwa na ambaliyar ruwa sun rufe hanyoyi da hanyoyi na tarbiyyar, sun hallaka kimanin gidaje 2,000, sunyi kiyasin cewa mutane 20 ne da kuma masu yawon bude ido masu yawon shakatawa a yankunan. Wani mummunan ambaliyar ruwa mai saurin ruwa ya fito ne daga tafkuna masu zafi a yankin Andean. Wadannan tafkuna marasa tabbacin suna haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, wanda ya yi dubban rayuka a cikin shekaru 100 da suka wuce.

• 04 of 07

  Tsunamis

  Yawan tsunamis sun mamaye tsibirin Peru a cikin shekaru 400 da suka gabata. Wadannan tsunamis sune sakamakon haɗin gwiwar da ke hade da Peru-Chile Trench, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 100 daga yankin Peruvian, inda aka kera Nazca Plate ƙarƙashin yankin Kudancin Amirka. Ƙarin bayanai ba su da yawa ga yawancin tsuntsaye mafi tsohuwar da aka rubuta, amma waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin 1586, 1604, 1687 da 1746 sun kasance sun lalace sosai, suna ƙaddamar da dukan ƙauyuka tare da tekun Peruvian. Babban tsunami na karshe ya faru a shekara ta 2001 bayan girgizar kasa 8.4 a kudancin Peru. Tsunami ya dauki rayukan mutane akalla mutane 26.

• 05 of 07

  Volcanoic Eruptions

  Kudancin Peru ne wani yanki na aiki na volcanic. Kwangiyoyi masu yawa, irin su Sabancaya da El Misti, ana ganin yiwuwar zama mai hatsarin gaske kuma suna kasancewa a kallo akai-akai. Bugu da ƙari, ɓarkewar volcanic ba zata zama barazana ba. Amma, a tarihi, {asar Peru tana da'awar] aya daga cikin wa] anda suka lalace a cikin rikodin. A shekara ta 1600, Huaynaputina ya yi mummunar tashin hankali, inda ya kashe mutane fiye da 1,500. Halin da aka kashe a cikin gida bai zama kome ba idan aka kwatanta da mummunar hatsarin da duniya ke haifarwa. Masanan binciken ilimin kimiyya daga Jami'ar California sun yi imanin cewa yawancin abubuwan da aka fitar a cikin yanayi sun canza yanayin duniya, wanda ya haifar da mafi yawa a cikin Ruman Rasha - wani taron da ya kashe akalla mutane miliyan biyu da Rasha.

• 06 of 07

  El Niño

  El Niño yana da hadari kuma har yanzu ba a fahimci anomaly mai zafi wanda yawanci yakan faru a kowace shekara uku zuwa bakwai ba. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon El Niño, "dangantaka tsakanin iska, hawan teku, teku da kuma yanayin zafi da kuma rassan halittu sun rushe cikin alamu" (Earth Observatory; "Menene El Niño?"). A Peru, wannan yana haifar da ƙirar yanayin yanayi mai banƙyama. Ruwa mai yawa ya fadi a cikin yankuna na kogin ruwa na yau da kullum, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da haɗin gwiwa. A lokaci guda kuma, tsaunuka za su iya sha wahala daga rashin ruwa. El Niño 1997-1998 - mafi muni a tarihin kwanan nan - ya shafi mutane kimanin 600,000, ciki har da daruruwan mutuwar, gidaje 40,500 da suka lalata ko kuma lalata da kuma wankewa daga dubban mota da hanyoyi.

• 07 of 07

  Cututtuka

  Cututtuka ta bambanta da wasu abubuwa masu haɗari na halitta cewa ba lallai ba ne ya shafi dangantaka ta jiki. Ayyukan mutane, irin su birane da kuma tsaftace ƙazanta, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon annobar cutar ko annoba. Dole ne masu tafiya su karbi dukkan wajibiran da ake bukata don Peru kafin su yi tafiya. Wasu cututtuka masu hatsari, kamar malaria da dengue zazzabi, ba su da alurar riga kafi. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, guje wa ciwon ƙwayoyin masifa shine babban hanyar rigakafi.

  > Bayanan:

  • > "Tsarin Halitta a cikin Peru: Raɗaɗɗa da Saukewa" - Kenneth R. Young da Blanca León
  • > "Peru: Bala'i na Kasa da Rauninsu" - Nazarin ƙasar
  • > "Peru: Ƙasar {asar Andean da Babban Masifar Ci Gaba da Gwagwarmayar gaggawa" - Heriberto Urby Jr., David A. McEntire da Ekong J. Peters
  • > Duniya Mai Girma: Bala'i a Hanyoyin Halitta - Anthony Oliver-Smith da Susanna M. Hoffman