{Asar Peru wani yanki ne na manyan ayyukan tsawa, tare da yawancin girgizar ƙasa 200 da ke faruwa a kowace shekara. Bisa ga shafin yanar gizon Nazarin Ƙasa, akwai rayewar girgizar asa fiye da 70 a Peru tun shekara ta 1568, ko daya a kowace shekara shida.
Babban mahimmancin bayan wannan aiki na jinsin shi ne haɗuwa da nau'i biyu na tectonic a gefen yammacin Kudancin Amirka. A nan, gagarumin Nazca Plate, wanda yake a gabashin Pacific Ocean, ya sadu da kudancin Amirka.
Tsarin Nazca yana ƙarƙashin yankin Kudancin Amirka ne, wanda ya haifar da yanayin teku wanda ake kira Peru-Chile trench. Wannan ƙaddamar ma yana da alhakin ɗaya daga cikin kudancin kudancin Amurka ta mafi yawan fasalin fasalin yanayin: Maganin Andean.
Kwallon Nazca ya ci gaba da tilasta hanyarta a karkashin yankin kasa na duniya, yayin da dakarun da ke cikin wannan hulɗar tectonic suna haifar da wasu halayen yanayi a Peru . Harshen wuta sun kafa a tsawon lokaci, kuma Peru ta kasance wani yanki na aiki na lantarki. Amma mafi yawan haɗari ga ƙananan gari, duk da haka, barazanar girgizar asa da haɗari masu haɗari kamar farfadowa, ruwa, da tsunami.
Tarihin Girgizar ƙasa a Peru
Tarihin tarihin girgizar asa a Peru ya koma zuwa tsakiyar 1500s. Ɗaya daga cikin asusun farko na babban girgizar ƙasa ya fara daga 1582, lokacin da girgizar kasa ta haifar da lalacewa da dama a garin Arequipa, inda suka yi ikirarin cewa akalla mutane 30 ne ke cikin wannan tsari.
Wasu manyan girgizar asa tun daga 1500s sun hada da:
- 1687 - Girgizar girgizar kasa ta 8.2 ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga Lima, Callao, da Ica. Tsarin tsunami ya haifar da tashar jiragen ruwa na Pisco. Kusan yawan mutuwar kusan kimanin 5,000.
- 1746 - girgizar kasa na Lima-Callao a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, 1746, kusan ruwan sama da Lima, yayin da tsunami gaba daya suka shafe garin Callao. Kusan kusan mutane 6,000 ne aka rubuta bayan girgizar kasa (8.6 zuwa 8,8) da tsunami. Wani hoton Kristi, wanda ya riga ya tsira daga girgizar kasa na 1687, ya tsira daga bala'in 1746. Wannan hoton, wanda ake kira El Señor de los Milagros (Ubangiji na Mu'ujizai), shine babban wuri na babban tsarin addini wanda ke faruwa a Lima a kowace Oktoba .
- 1868 - Girmar girgizar Arica ta 1868 ta zama babbar girgizar kasa a tarihin kasar (Arica na daga cikin Peru a lokacin, amma yanzu Chile ne). Girgizar, wadda ta kasance mai girma tsakanin 8.5 da 9, ta lalata garuruwan da ke kudancin kasar, ciki har da Arica, Tacna, da Arequipa, wanda ya haifar da akalla mutane 25,000.
- 1928 - Wani girgizar kasa ya haifar da mummunan lalacewar garin Chachapoyas a arewacin Peru. Wannan taron ya haifar da wani rudani wanda ya kashe mutane 25.
- 1946 - A ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, girgizar kasa mai girma 7.3 ta mamaye yankin Ancash na Peru. Girgizar ta haifar da rushewar gari wanda ya hallaka garin Quiches kuma ya lalata Conchucos da Mayas. An kiyasta mutuwar mutane tsakanin 1,400 da 2,000.
- 1970 - Cikiwar Ancash na Mayu 31, 1970, ya kasance mummunan bala'i a tarihin Peru. An gabatar da farfadowa a gefen tekun Peru; babu manyan tsunamis da aka rubuta. Duk da rashin ƙarfi fiye da tashin hankali na farko (7.9 zuwa 8.0 a kan sikelin Richter), girgizar kasa ta haifar da manyan tsararraki don sauka daga gangaren Mount Huascarán, babban dutse a Peru . Ruwa da dutsen da kankara sun binne garuruwan Yungay da Ranrahirca, suka kashe mutane 100,000 kuma suka ji rauni 200,000.
- 2007 - A ranar 15 ga Agusta 15, girgizar kasa mai girma ta 8.0 ta buge bakin teku na tsakiyar Peru. An ji girgizar kasa a duk faɗin ƙasar, amma Pisco, Chincha, da Ica sun sha wahala sosai. A cikin duka, girgizar kasa ta bar mutane 519 suka mutu, kuma 1,366 rauni, tare da gidajen sama da 58,000 hallaka.
Girgizar Girgizar
Yawancin girgizar asa da aka lissafa a sama sun faru ne a yankunan bakin teku, amma duk guda uku na yankuna na Peru - yankunan bakin teku, tsaunuka, da ƙananan kurkuku - suna ƙarƙashin aiki na jijiyoyin.
Yawancin girgizar asa (5.5 da sama) yana faruwa tare da yankin da ke kusa da Peru-Chile Trench. Kashi na biyu na ayyukan ragamar yana faruwa tare da Andean Range da gabas zuwa cikin babban dutse ( selva alta ). Ƙananan itatuwan da ke ƙarƙashin Basin na Amazon, a halin yanzu, suna fuskantar girgizar asa da ke zurfin ƙasa, a zurfin 300 zuwa 700 km.
Girgizar Kasa a Peru
Amsar da Peruvian ya yi game da girgizar asa ya ci gaba da inganta amma har yanzu bai isa matakan da aka samo a kasashe masu tasowa ba. Amsar da aka yi a girgizar kasa ta 2007, alal misali, an soki kullun duk da wasu al'amura masu kyau. An kwashe wadanda aka ji rauni a hankali, babu cutar da kuma yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar sun sami goyon baya masu kyau. Duk da haka, da farko amsa ya sha wahala daga rashin daidaituwa.
A cewar Samir Elhawary da Gerardo Castillo a binciken da aka yi a 2008 game da Harkokin Kasuwancin 'Yan Adam , "tsarin da ke yankin ya magance matsalar gaggawa da kuma gwamnatin tsakiya, maimakon tallafawa tsarin yanki, ya kewaye shi ta hanyar samar da wata tsarin daidaitaccen tsari. "Wannan ya haifar da matakan rikice-rikicen da ba zai iya ba da damar sarrafa duk wani bala'i.
Game da shirye-shirye, Gwamnatin Peruvian ta ci gaba da ilmantarwa da kuma sanar da jama'a game da hadarin girgizar asa da kuma haɗari. Yawancin girgizar ƙasa ya faru a kowace shekara a matakin kasa, yana taimakawa wajen haskaka hanyoyin da hanyoyi masu fita yayin inganta hanyoyin sirri.
Wata matsalar da ta ci gaba da zama, duk da haka, aikin gina gidaje mara kyau. Gida da ado ko yadun ganu suna da wuya ga lalacewar girgizar kasa; yawancin gidaje suna kasancewa a cikin Peru, musamman ma a yankunan ƙauyuka.
Tips for Travellers in Peru
Yawancin matafiya ba zasu fuskanci wani abu ba fiye da ƙananan ƙananan yayin Peru, saboda haka babu bukatar damu da girgizar asa kafin ko lokacin tafiyarku. Idan kun ji dumi, nemi wuri mai sanyi a yankinku a nan kusa (idan baza ku iya ganin wani yanki mai tsaro ba, ku bi bayanan da ke ƙasa). Ana nuna alamun yankuna da alamun kore da fararen fata suna cewa " Zona Segura en Casos de Sismos " ("girgizar kasa" a cikin harshen Espanya shine sismo ko terremoto ).
Don karin bayani game da girgizar kasa yayin da kake tafiya, karanta Ƙarin Tsaro na Kayan Kasa da Kasa na Kasuwanci (dacewa ga dukan masu tafiya a cikin dukan shekarun haihuwa).
Har ila yau yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayin yin rajista da tafiya tare da ofishin jakadancinku kafin ku tafi Peru.