Hanyar zuwa ga Sashe na Ireland zuwa Ƙasashe guda biyu
Tarihin Ireland yana da dadewa da kuma rikitarwa - kuma daya daga cikin sakamakon gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai shine ƙarin ƙwarewa. Wannan shine samar da jihohi biyu a wannan tsibirin. Kamar yadda wannan yanayi da halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ci gaba da fadada baƙi, bari mu yi kokarin bayyana abin da ya faru.
Haɓakawa na Ƙasashen waje na Irish har zuwa 20th Century
Duk da haka duk matsala ta fara lokacin da sarakunan Irish suka shiga cikin yakin basasa kuma Diarmaid Mac Murcha ta gayyaci 'yan tawayen Anglo-Norman su yi yaƙi domin su - a cikin 1170 Richard FitzGilbert, wanda aka fi sani da " Strongbow ", ya fara kafa a ƙasar Irish.
Kuma yana sha'awar abin da ya gani, ya auri Mac Murcha 'yar Aoife kuma ya yanke shawara cewa zai zauna lafiya. Daga haɗin haɗin da aka yi wa sarki na masaukin ya ɗauki ƙananan hanzari tare da takobin Strongbow. Tun daga nan sai Ireland ta kasance (fiye ko žasa) a karkashin mulkin Ingila.
Duk da yake wasu Irish sun shirya kansu tare da sabon shugabanni kuma suka kashe (sau da yawa) a ƙarƙashin su, wasu suka ɗauki tafarkin tawaye. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba, 'yan kabilanci sun ɓace, tare da Turanci a gida suna gunaguni cewa wasu' yan uwansu sun zama "mafi Irish fiye da Irish".
A lokacin Tudor Ireland a ƙarshe ya zama mulkin mallaka - Ingila da Scotland sun wuce yawan mutane da kuma 'yan kananan yara (' yan kasa) wadanda aka tura zuwa " Plantations ", suna kafa sabon tsari. A kowane fanni - Henry Henry na uku ya rabu da papacy kuma sabbin mazauna sun kawo Ikilisiyar Anglican tare da su, ana kiran su kawai "masu zanga-zangar" daga Katolika.
A nan an fara sassan farko tare da sassan layi. Wadannan sun kara zurfafawa tare da isowa da 'yan kabilar Presbyterian Scotland, musamman a cikin Ulster Plantations. Mashawarcin Katolika, mai goyon bayan majalisa da kuma dubawa tare da rashin amincewa da halayyar Anglican suka kafa wani yanki da addini.
Shafin Farko - da kuma Loyalist Backlash
Bayan da dama da ba'a samu ba, irin na Wolfe Turawa na Irish (wasu jagorancin Furotesta kamar Wolfe Tone) da kuma nasarar da aka yi na kare hakkin Dan Katolika tare da ma'auni na Ikilisiya na Irish, "Home Rule" shi ne muryar da ake kira 'yan kasar Irish a zamanin Victorian.
Wannan ya yi kira ga zaɓen taron Ikilisiyar Irish, wannan kuma yana zaɓen wani ƙasashen Irish da kuma harkokin cikin gida na Irish a cikin tsarin mulkin Birtaniya. Bayan ƙoƙari biyu na gida Dokar ta zama gaskiya a shekara ta 1914 - amma an saka shi a baya saboda konewa a Turai.
Amma ko da kafin a kama hotuna na Sarajevo, an yi wa dakarun da aka yi wa Ireland hari - ƙananan mutanen Birtaniya, wadanda suka fi mayar da hankali a kan Ulster, sun ji tsoron raunana iko da iko. Sun fi son ci gaba da matsayi . Lauyan Dublin Edward Carson da Birtaniya Conservative Birtaniya Bonar Law ya zama muryoyin da aka yi a kan Dokokin Gida, wanda ake kira ga zanga-zangar jama'a kuma a cikin watan Satumba 1912 ya gayyaci 'yan ƙungiyar su shiga "Solemn League and Covenant". Kimanin rabin maza da mata maza sun sanya hannu kan wannan takarda, wasu sun cika da jini sosai - suna yin alkawarin su ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin Ulster (a kalla) wani ɓangare na Ingila. A cikin shekara masu zuwa kimanin 100,000 sun shiga cikin kamfanin Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), kungiyar da ta keɓe don hana Dokar Gida.
A lokaci guda kuma masu ba da agaji na Irish sun kafa su a cikin yankuna - tare da manufar kare Home Rule. 'Yan majalisa 200,000 sun shirya don aikin.
Tsibirin, War da kuma yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish
Kungiyar 'yan gudun hijirar Irish sun shiga cikin Rahoton Easter daga 1916 , abubuwan da suka faru da kuma musamman bayan wannan bayanan sun haifar da kishin kasa na Irish. Sakamakon nasarar da Sinn Féin ya yi a zaben 1918 ya kai ga fararen farko na Dáil Éireann a watan Janairu 1919. Yakin da aka yi a Yakin Yammaci na Irish ya biyo baya, ya kawo karshen rikice-rikice da kuma karshe daga cikin Yuli 1921.
Dokar gidan ta, saboda hasken da Ulster ya yi, an canza shi zuwa yarjejeniyar raba gardama ga ƙananan Furotesta Ulster ( Antrim , Armagh , Down, Fermanagh , Derry / Londonderry da Tyrone ) da kuma shawarar da za a yanke wa " Kudu ". Wannan ya zo ne a cikin marigayi 1921 lokacin da yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish ta kafa Ƙasar Indiya daga cikin sauran kananan hukumomi 26, da Dáil Éireann ya jagoranci.
A gaskiya, wannan ya fi rikitarwa fiye da ko da ... yarjejeniya, lokacin da ya fara aiki, ya kafa wata ƙasa ta Irish na kananan hukumomi 32, dukan tsibirin. Amma akwai sashe mai fita don kananan hukumomi shida a Ulster. Kuma an kira wannan, saboda wasu matsalolin lokaci, kawai ranar da Bayanan Ƙasa ya zama. Don haka kimanin wata rana akwai Ireland ta haɗuwa gaba ɗaya, kawai don raba shi biyu da safe. Yayinda suke ci gaba da cewa, tare da kowane taron Irish don ganawa, matsala ta daya shine tambaya "A yaushe zamu rabu cikin ƙungiyoyi?"
Don haka Ireland ya rabu - tare da yarjejeniyar masu sulhuntawa. Kuma yayin da yawancin dimokuradiyya suka karbi yarjejeniya a matsayin mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunan 'yan kasa da kasa sun ga cewa suna sayarwa. Yaƙin Yakin Irish tsakanin IRA da Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙasar sun biyo baya, suna haifar da zubar da jini, kuma musamman mafi hukuncin kisan kai fiye da Easter Easter. Sai kawai a shekarun da suka gabata ne yarjejeniyar za ta rabu da juna ta kowane lokaci, ta yadda za a ci gaba da bayyana wani tsarin mulki na '' mulkin mallaka, '' a shekarar 1937. Dokar Jamhuriyar Ireland (1948) ta kammala aikin sabuwar jihar.
"Arewa" ya rushe daga Stormont
Zaben 1918 a Birtaniya bai samu nasara ba ne kawai ga Sinn Féin - Conservatives sun yi alkawarin Lloyd George cewa ba za a tilasta wa yankunan Ulster guda shida su shiga cikin gida ba. Amma shawarwarin na 1919 ya ba da shawarar majalisar dokoki (duka tara tara) Ulster da kuma sauran ga Ireland, duka suna aiki tare. Cavan , Donegal da Monaghan daga bisani sun kasance daga cikin majalisar dokokin Ulster ... sun kasance sun zama abin ƙyama ga kuri'un Unionist. Wannan a gaskiya ya kafa bangare yayin da yake ci gaba har yau.
A shekarar 1920, an yanke dokar Dokar Gwamnatin Ireland, a watan Mayu 1921, an gudanar da za ~ en farko a Arewacin Ireland, kuma mafi yawan 'yan majalisa sun kafa mahimmanci na shirin tsohuwar doka. Kamar yadda ake tsammani majalisa na Arewacin Irish (zama a Kwalejin Presbyterian Assembly har zuwa lokacin da ya yi girma a cikin Stormond Castle a 1932) ya ki amincewa da wannan tayin don shiga cikin Ƙasar Indiya.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na Irish ga masu yawon bude ido
Yayinda har zuwa 'yan shekarun da suka shude da suka wuce daga Jamhuriyyar Arewa zuwa na iya shiga cikin bincike sosai da kuma neman tambayoyin, iyakar yau ba ta gani. Har ila yau, yana da yawa ba tare da rikici ba, domin babu wuraren bincike ko ma alamu!
Duk da haka, akwai wasu abubuwan, domin yawon bude ido da ƙayyadadden lokaci-wuri ne mai yiwuwa. Kuma tare da masu kallo na Brexit, watau Birtaniya ta janye daga EU, ba tare da ɓoyewa ba, abubuwa zasu iya samun rikici fiye da haka:
- Ireland ta Arewa har yanzu ɓangare ne na Birtaniya, Jamhuriyar Jamhuriyar Jamhuriyar Tarayya - wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne ku duba dokoki na ficewa da takardun izini na Birtaniya da Irish kafin ku haye iyakar.
- Akwai agogo biyu a ƙasar Ireland - yayin da Jamhuriyar Republic ta yi amfani da Yuro, Ireland ta Arewa har zuwa Sterling.
- Lokacin da tuki ta hanyar Ireland kana buƙatar ka tuna cewa alamun hanyoyi sun bambanta - musamman ma da sauri da nisa suna cikin kilomita a Arewa, a cikin kilomita a Jamhuriyar.
- Bincika tare da kamfanin mota na hayar ku ko kuna da damar haye iyakar - ƙuntataccen lokaci yana amfani.
- Ko da yake Ireland ta Arewa ba za a dauka a matsayin wani wuri mai hadarin gaske ba , yanayin tsaro zai iya kira ga matakan da ba daidai ba daga lokaci zuwa lokaci - hanyoyin da ke cikin zirga-zirga sun kasance mafi mahimmanci.
- Farashin zai iya bambanta tsakanin Ireland ta Arewa da Jamhuriyar - yawan man fetur ya fi tsada a Arewa yayin da kaya yana iya zama mai rahusa a can.