Gaskiyar labarin yadda zane-zane ya ƙare a cikin tarin 28
Idan kun kasance maƙalar zane na zane-zane, zaku iya ganin "Dan Dancer na Shekaru sha huɗu" (1881) a Edgar Degas a cikin Museum Metropolitan Museum of Art .
Kuma Musee d'Orsay. Kuma Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Akwai kuma daya a cikin National Gallery of Art a Washington DC., Kuma a Tate Modern da yawa, da yawa wasu. Gaba ɗaya, akwai juyi 28 na "Dan Dan Dancer" a cikin gidajen kayan gargajiya da kuma wuraren tarihi a duniya.
To, idan gidan kayan gargajiya suna nuna nauyin fasaha na farko (kuma sau da yawa), ta yaya hakan zai kasance? Wanne ne ainihin? Abin mahimmanci, w suna akwai '' 'yan dan kadan' '? Labarin ya shafi wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayon, samfurin, gungun masu sukar fushi da kuma tagulla.
Bari mu fara a farkon. Lokacin da Edgar Degas ya zama sha'awar batun dan wasan ballet a Paris Opera, an dauke shi da rikice-rikice kamar yadda 'yan mata da mata suke daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan. Wadannan mata ne masu jin dadi tare da nunawa 'yan wasan su cikin tufafi masu dacewa. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi aiki da dare kuma sun kasance masu goyon bayan kansu. Duk da yake a yau za mu yi la'akari da ballet don zama babban abin sha'awa ga mai cin gashin kansa, Degas ya kasance mai kawo rigima don ba da haske a kan mata da cewa 'yan kabilar Victor sunyi la'akari da halin mutunci da rashin adalci.
Degas ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai tarihin tarihin tarihi kuma bai amince da kalmar "Impressionist" ba tun lokacin da yake tunanin kansa a matsayin mai Gaskiya.
Ko da yake Degas ya yi aiki tare da masu zane-zane da suka hada da Monet da Renoir, Degas ya fi son wuraren da ke cikin birane, haske mai kwakwalwa, da zana da zane-zane da suka dace da tsarinsa da kuma batutuwa. Ya so ya kwatanta rayuwan yau da kullum da ingantattun motsi na jiki. Bugu da ƙari, ga dan wasan ballet, ya nuna 'yan sanduna, wuraren gine-gine da wuraren kisan kai, ba mabanguna da ruwa ba.
Zai yiwu fiye da kowane daga cikin ayyukansa na nuna masu rawa, wannan hoton yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci. Da farko kyau, ya zama dan kadan ba wanda ya fi tsayi a ciki.
A ƙarshen 1870, Degas ya fara koyar da kansa hoton bayan tsawon aikin aiki a fenti da pastels. Musamman ma, Degas yayi aiki a hankali da gangan a kan wani hotunan dan wasan dan wasan da ya yi amfani da samfurin da ya hadu a makarantar ballet ta Paris.
Misalin ne Marie Genevieve von Goethem, wani ɗan littafin Belgian wanda ya shiga kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo ta Paris na hanyar samun talauci. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a wata wanki da 'yar uwanta ta kasance karuwa. (Yarinyar Maryamu ta ƙara yin horo tare da wasan kwaikwayo). Da farko ta fara da Degas a lokacin da ta kasance 11 kawai, sa'an nan kuma lokacin da ta ke da shekaru 14, dukansu a cikin tsirara da kuma tufafinta. Degas ya gina sutura daga ƙuƙwalwa mai launi da kuma yalwata yumbu.
Marie aka nuna kamar yadda ta iya kasance; wata yarinya daga ƙananan ƙasashe horo don horar da su. Ta tsaya a matsayi na hudu, amma ba ma musamman ba. Yana da kamar dai Degas tana kama ta a wani lokaci yayin aikin yau da kullum maimakon yin wasan kwaikwayo. Tights a ƙafafunta suna da lumpy kuma an kaddamar da fuskarta a cikin sararin samaniya tare da furtaccen magana wanda ya nuna mana yadda ta ke ƙoƙarin riƙe ta a cikin dan wasan.
Tana ta da karfi tare da tilasta tilasta yin hakan. Ayyuka na ƙarshe shine kyan kayan ado na musamman. Ta ko da riga ta yi ado tare da wasu sidin sidin, ainihin gashi da gashin mutum wanda aka haxa shi cikin kakin zuma kuma an ɗaure shi da baka.
Mai suna Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans, kamar yadda aka kira ta a lokacin da aka fara nuna shi a birnin Paris a bikin Exhibition na shida a shekara ta 1881, nan da nan sai ya zama babban abin yabo da ba'a. Masanin fasaha Paul de Charry ya yaba shi saboda "gaskiya na gaskiya" kuma ya yi la'akari da shi sosai. Wasu sunyi la'akari da abubuwan tarihi na tarihin tarihin hotunan a cikin harshen Mutanen Espanya na Gothic ko ayyukan Masar na farko, dukansu sunyi amfani da gashi da kayan aikin mutum. Wata tasiri mai yiwuwa zai iya fitowa daga cikin shekaru masu yawa Degas ya yi aiki a Naples, Italiya ta ziyarci mahaifiyarsa wanda ya yi aure Gaetano Bellelli, wani ɗan Italiyanci.
A can, Degas zai iya rinjaye shi da yawancin hotunan Madonna da ke da gashin 'yan adam, tufafi masu launi, amma wanda yake kama da mazaunan ƙasar Italiya. Daga bisani an yi zaton cewa Degas yana cike da lalacewa a birnin Paris da kuma hoton da aka ɗauka shi ne ainihin rashin amincewa da ra'ayinsu game da yin aiki da mutane.
Manyan masu bita ba su da karfi sosai kuma mafi mahimmanci. Louis Enault da ake kira "sassaka" ba shi da kyau kawai, "kuma ya kara da cewa," Babu matsala a lokacin yaro. " Wani dan Birtaniya ya yi kuka game da yadda basirar ya yi raguwa. Sauran soki (wanda 30 za a iya haɗuwa) sun haɗa da kwatanta "Dan Dancer" zuwa Madame Tussaud waxanda ke da alaƙa, da mannequin masu dressmakers da kuma "jahiliyya"
Ƙaƙƙarrin "Dan Dan Dancer" ya kasance ƙarƙashin mahimman bincike. An bayyana ta kamar kallon biri da kuma samun "fuska da alama ta ƙiyayya da kowane nau'i." A zamanin Victorian nazarin ilmin tauhidi, to, ka'idar kimiyya mai sanannen karba da yadu da aka yarda da ita shine ya hango halin kirki da halayyar hankulan tunani bisa ga girman nauyin cranium. Wannan imani ya jagoranci mutane da yawa su yi imani cewa Degas ya ba dan "Dan Dancer" mai ban sha'awa, bakinsa da goshinsa don nuna cewa ta kasance mai laifi. Har ila yau, a cikin nuni, Degas ya zana zane-zane wanda ya nuna masu kisan kai wanda ya karfafa ka'idar su.
Degas baiyi irin wannan sanarwa ba. Kamar yadda yake a cikin zane-zanensa da zane-zane na masu rawa, yana sha'awar motsa jiki na ainihin jikinsa wanda bai taɓa yin kokarin daidaitawa ba. Ya yi amfani da launuka mai laushi mai laushi, amma bai taba yin watsi da gaskiyar jikinsa ba ko haruffa. A ƙarshen nuni na Paris, "Little Dancer" ya tafi ba tare da dadewa ba, kuma ya koma gidan zane-zane inda ya kasance a cikin karatun hotunan 150 har sai ya mutu.
Amma game da Marie, duk abin da aka sani game da ita ita ce an cire ta daga Opera don kasancewa da marigayi don sake karantawa sannan kuma ya ɓace daga tarihi har abada.
To, yaya daidai "Dan Dancer na shekaru goma sha huɗu" ya ƙare a gidajen tarihi 28?
Lokacin da Degas ya mutu a shekara ta 1917, akwai abubuwa fiye da 150 a kakin zuma da yumbu a cikin ɗakinsa. Magoyacin Degas sun ba da izini a rubuta takardun tagulla don kiyaye abubuwan da ke ci gaba da kuma don a sayar da su kamar yadda aka gama. Shirin simintin gyare-gyare ya kasance mai sarrafawa kuma ya shirya shi da ƙwararrun tagulla na Paris. An yi adadi na talatin na "Dan dancer" a 1922. Yayin da Degas ya karu da kuma Impressionism ya fashe a cikin shahararrun, wadannan kayan da aka ba da tarin siliki sun samo asali daga gidajen tarihi a duk fadin duniya.
A ina ne '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ta yaya zan iya ganin su?
Aikin asali na asali ne a cikin National Gallery of Art a Washington DC A yayin wani zane na musamman game da "dan kadan dancer" a shekarar 2014, wani miki wanda ya fara a Kennedy Cibiyar ya zama samfurin a matsayin ƙoƙari na banƙyama don ƙulla sauran sauran mata rayuwa mai ban mamaki.
Kayan tagulla da ke zama a cikin gidajen kayan gargajiya kuma mutane na iya ganin su:
Baltimore MD, Baltimore Museum of Art
Boston MA, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Copenhagen, Denmark, Glyptoteket
Chicago IL, Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Chicago
London Birtaniya, Hay Hill Gallery
London Birtaniya, Tate Modern
New York NY, The Museum of Art Museum (Wannan dan dancer ne tare da babban tarin tarin tagulla a lokaci guda.)
Norwich Birtaniya, Sainsbury Center for Visual Arts
Omaha NB, Joslyn Museum Museum (Daya daga cikin kayan ado na tarin)
Paris Faransanci, Musée d'Orsay (Bayan The Met, wannan gidan kayan gargajiya yana da mafi girma da yawa na Degas yayi aiki don taimakawa wajen ba da labarin "Dan Dancer."
Pasadena CA, Norton Simon Museum
Philadelphia PA, Philadelphia Museum of Art
St. Louis MO, Museum of Art na Saint Louis
Williamstown MA, Sterling da Francine Clark Art Institute
Turabi goma suna cikin ɗakunan sirri. A 2011, daya daga cikin su an saka shi don sayarwa ta hanyar Christie ta kuma ana sa ran zai samo tsakanin $ 25-35. Ya kasa karɓar wata karo daya.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai nau'in filastar "Dan Dancer" wanda ke ci gaba da muhawara akan Degas ko a'a. Idan an ba da izini ga Degas karba karɓa, zamu iya samun wani Dancer wanda aka shirya don shigar da kayan kayan gargajiya.