Kalmar Mesoamerica ta samo daga Girkanci kuma tana nufin "Amurka ta Tsakiya." Yana nufin wani yanki da al'adu wanda ya karu daga arewacin Mexico zuwa tsakiyar Amurka, ciki harda yankin da yanzu ya kunshi kasashe na Guatemala, Belize, Honduras da El Salvador. Saboda haka ana ganin shi ne a cikin Arewacin Amirka, kuma yana kewaye da mafi yawan Amurka ta tsakiya.
Yawancin al'amuran da suka faru a zamanin da suka ci gaba a wannan yanki, ciki har da Olmecs, Zapotecs, Teotihuacanos, Mayas , da Aztecs.
Wadannan al'adu sun haifar da al'ummomin hadaddun, sun kai gagarumin matakan juyin halitta, gina gine-gine na al'ada, da kuma rabawa al'adun al'adu. Kodayake yankin ya bambanta da yanayin ilimin geography, ilmin halitta da al'ada, al'adun da suka samo asali a cikin Mesoamerica sun raba wasu siffofi da halaye na yau da kullum, kuma sun kasance a cikin sadarwa mai zurfi a duk lokacin da suka ci gaba.
Hanyoyin da suka hada da tsohuwar al'adun Mesoamerica:
- abincin da ya danganci masara, wake, da squash
- misalin irin wannan asali
- tsarin kalandar
- tsarin rubutu
- Wasan wasan kwallon kafa tare da ball ball
- ayyukan addini na jini da hadaya
Akwai kuma bambancin da yawa tsakanin kungiyoyin da suka ci gaba a cikin Mesoamerica, tare da harsuna daban daban, al'adu, da al'adu.
Timeline na Mesoamerica:
Tarihin Mesoamerica ya kasu kashi uku. Masu binciken ilimin kimiyya sun karya wadannan ƙananan lokaci, amma don fahimtar juna, waɗannan uku shine manyan su fahimta.
Tsarin zamani na zamani ya karu daga 1500 BC zuwa 200 AD A wannan lokacin akwai gyare-gyaren fasahar aikin noma wanda ya ba da dama ga yawan mutanen da suka fi girma, rarrabuwa da aiki da kuma zamantakewar zamantakewa da ake bukata don ci gaban jama'a. Ƙungiyar Olmec , wanda wani lokaci ana kiransa "al'adun uwa" na Mesoamerica, ya ɓullo a wannan lokacin.
Lokacin na zamani , daga 200 zuwa 900 AD, ya ga ci gaba da manyan wuraren birane da rarraba ikon. Wasu daga cikin wadannan manyan biranen sune sun hada da Monte Alban a Oaxaca, Teotihuacan a tsakiyar Mexico da kuma Cibiyar Mayan na Tikal, Palenque da Copan. Teotihuacan yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin duniya a wancan lokacin, kuma tasirinsa ya shimfiɗa a kan Mesoamerica.
Yanayin Tsarin Mulki , daga 900 AD zuwa zuwa na zuwa na Spaniards a farkon 1500, an nuna shi ne daga jihohin gari kuma ya fi mayar da hankali kan yakin da hadaya. A cikin maya Maya, Chichén Itza babbar cibiyar siyasa da tattalin arziki ne, kuma a tsakiyar tudun. A cikin 1300s, zuwa ƙarshen wannan zamani, Aztec (wanda ake kira Mexica) ya fito. Aztec sun kasance dan kabilar, amma sun zauna a tsakiyar Mexico kuma suka kafa babban birnin jihar Tenochtitlan a shekara ta 1325, kuma hanzari ya rinjayi mafi yawan Mesoamerica.
Ƙari game da Mesoamerica:
Yankin Mesoamerica an raba shi zuwa wurare daban-daban guda biyar: Mexico ta Yamma, Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Oaxaca, yankin Gulf, da yankin Maya.
Kalmomin Mesoamerica ne wanda Paul Kirchhoff, masanin ilimin lissafin likitan Jamusanci na Mexics, ya kirkiri shi a 1943.
Ma'anarsa ta dogara ne akan iyakoki na yanki, kungiyoyin kabilanci, da halaye na al'ada a lokacin cin nasara. Kalmar Mesoamerica yafi amfani da magungunan masana kimiyyar al'adu da masu bincike, amma yana da amfani ga baƙi zuwa Mexico don su san shi yayin ƙoƙari su fahimci yadda Mexico ta ci gaba a tsawon lokaci.