Moscow Kremlin: Hoto Hotuna da Bayani

01 na 13

Yi rangadin Moscow Kremlin, Kremlin Mafi Girma na Rasha

Kremlin Moscow shine shahararrun kremlin a duk Rasha. Hotuna na Kremlin sun nuna wani shinge mai ƙarfi da ke kewaye da dutse wanda ke riƙe da majami'u, manyan gine-ginen, gine-ginen gwamnati, da wasu abin mamaki, da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da suka wuce.

Kremlin, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙarni da yawa, shine cibiyar gwamnati a Rasha. Amma kuma yana da zuciyar tarihi na Moscow da kuma daya daga cikin muhimman wuraren da ake ziyarta a birnin. Ziyartar Kremlin ya kasance a kowane jerin jerin abubuwan da ake gudanarwa a Moscow. A can, zaku iya gano kullin Kremlin, ku ɗauki hotunan, ku duba ɗakunan katolika, ku kuma mamakin kayan tarihi.

Ko da ba za ka iya sanya shi ga Kremlin da kanka don duba gine-ginen gine-ginensa ba, har yanzu za ka iya jin dadin abin da Kremlin ya ba ta ta wannan hotunan hotunan. Hotunan suna wakiltar sassan da aka samo a cikin Kremlin, kuma bayanan da suka biyo baya gaya maka dalilin da yasa suke da muhimmanci.

02 na 13

Towers da babban Kremlin Palace

Babban Kremlin Palace, wanda aka kwatanta a tsakanin hasumiya a cikin hoton da ke sama, shi ne gidan yarin Rasha na Rasha. An gina a tsakiyar karni na 19, an maye gurbin fadar sarauta a daidai wannan wuri. Gininsa ya zama daki don hada manyan gidajen sarakunan da suka riga ya kasance: fadar Facets, da Terem Palace, da kuma Tsarina's Golden Chamber. An yi amfani dashi yanzu don bukukuwan da kuma bukatun jihohi.

Ginin da aka gina kwanan nan na Grand Kremlin Palace ya kauce wa Kogin Moscow kuma ya nuna cewa yana da hawa uku, ko da yake bene na sama yana da lakabi biyu. Gidan ɗakin tarbiyya ya ƙunshi ɗakin fadar, tare da ɗakin ɗakin na tsohuwar tsari, irin su nazarin, zane, da dakin cin abinci.

Daga nesa, za ku iya ganin hasumiya da ganuwar Moscow Kremlin. A wannan hoton, ana iya ganin babban Kremlin Palace a saman bishiyoyi. Kremlin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa 19 a cikin duka (tare da hasumiya 20 wanda ke da babbar tashar jiragen ruwa a kan gada). Ginin da ke gudana tsakanin su yana kewaye da gine-ginen Kremlin.

03 na 13

Spasskaya Tower na Moscow Kremlin

Gidan Spasskaya na Kremlin yana da bayanai mai ban sha'awa. An gina shi a cikin shekara ta 1491 ta masarautar Italiyanci, ƙofar ta zama "babban ƙofar" Kremlin daga gidan Red Square - an yi amfani dashi wannan lokacin don yin taro.

Sources sun bambanta a lokacin da Kremlin ya fara bayyana a kan Gidan Spasskaya, kuma an maye gurbinsa sau da yawa a cikin ƙarni. Kwanan nan da kuke gani a yau akan hasumiya an sanya shi a tsakiyar karni na 19.

Tauraron saman saman Spasskaya Tower shine sabon sabbin abubuwa - Soviets sun kara da shi a cikin karni na 20.

04 na 13

Cathedral na Dormition, Moscow Kremlin

A Cathedral of Dormition, wani lokaci ana fassara zuwa "Cathedral of Assumption," yana daya daga cikin sassa mafi girma na gine-gine a Kremlin ta Cathedral Square. Ginin ya fara ne a cikin karni na 15, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, Cathedral of Dormition ya tsaya a matsayin babbar coci a Rasha. Cibiyar Dormition ta Cathedral ta ga yadda aka yi bikin aure da kuma bukukuwan sarauta kuma ya kasance wurin zama na Moscow Metropolitan.

Cikin babban wannan babban coci an yi masa ado da frescoes mai kyau, kuma wasu daga cikin gumakan da suka fi muhimmanci a Rasha sun halicci musamman ga katolika. Virgin Virgin na Vladimir na karni na 11 ko 12th aka nuna a nan a lokaci ɗaya, ko da yake an kare shi yanzu a cikin Tretyakov Gallery.

Al'arshin Monomachus, wanda Ivan da Mafi Girma a cikin karni na 16 ya umarta, ana iya gani a nan.

05 na 13

Ƙasar Katolika, Moscow Kremlin

Gidan Cathedral na Annunciation ya ba da sabis na Ikilisiyar Orthodox na Rasha a cikin gida. An haɗa shi da ɗakin ɗakin na tsar. Gidan farar hula da ƙananan gida na katolika ya sanya shi a matsayin mai hoto a dandalin Cathedral.

Ivan da mummunan yana da cocin da aka sake gina don maye gurbin coci na baya da ya tsaya akan wannan wuri. Bayan ya auri matarsa ​​na hudu kuma an hana shi daga halartar tarurruka saboda ka'idodin Orthodoxy na Rasha, ya tsaya a kan shirayi wanda aka sake gina tare da gina sabon coci. Zaka iya ganin ta a gefen hagu na wannan hoton, tare da matakan da ke kaiwa zuwa shirayin da aka rufe.

Hotuna da wasu daga cikin masu zane-zane da aka fi girmamawa sun fi dacewa cikin ciki na Kathedral Annunciation. Andrei Rublev, Theophanes da Hellenanci, da Prokhor na Gorodets sun ba da gudummawa ga kayan ado na ɗakin sujada.

06 na 13

Cathedral na Mala'ikan, Moscow Kremlin

Ƙungiyar Babbar Mala'ikan ta nuna wasu abubuwa na gine-gine na Italiyanci, irin su siffofin siffofin harshe kamar yadda aka zana a cikin zane-zane a karkashin rufin rufin. Duk da haka, abubuwan da ke ciki na tarihi suna da muhimmanci ga tarihin Rasha - hotuna na sarakuna sunaye ganuwar, kuma gunkin Mala'ika Mika'ilu yana kewaye da labarun asali.

Gidan Cathedral na Mala'ikan a Kremlin yana cikin kaburburan sarakunan Rasha. Masu ziyara za su lura da wani yanki mai musamman na Ivan, mai suna Ivan. Ivan sananne ya kashe ɗansa a yayin da ake magana. Sakamakon Ivan da mummunan gigice a lokacin kisan dan dansa yana nuna shi a wani zanen da Ilya Repin ya san.

07 na 13

Ivan Tower Tower, Moscow Kremlin

Shekaru 600, ginin hasumar ƙwaƙwalwa a koyaushe ya tsaya a kan shafin Ivan Tower Tower. Boris Gudonov ya umurce shi da za a kara girmanta don haka zai zama babban gini a Moscow. Har zuwa karni na 19, babu wani gine-ginen a Moscow da aka ba shi izini ya yi tsawo fiye da Ivan Tower Tower.

An yi amfani da hasumiya a matsayin mai tashar tashar jiragen ruwa kuma a matsayin babbar hasumiya. An dakatar da karrarawa guda ashirin da ɗaya a cikin mayafin ƙwallon ƙafa kuma aƙalla ana bukatar karin murmushi guda biyu don yin sauti.

Ivan Gidan Wuta Mai Girma shine gini guda daya da aka kwatanta da Napoleon, amma ƙoƙarinsa na rushe ƙofar birni ya kasa. Ta wannan hanyar, mayafin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ta sami nasarar zama matsayin alamar rayuwa a ƙarƙashin damuwa. Wannan kyakkyawan tsari yana daya daga cikin shahararrun shahararren Kremlin. Dukansu Tsar Cannon da Tsar Bell suna kusa da nan.

08 na 13

Tsar Bell, Moscow Kremlin

Tsar Bell ne ƙaƙƙarfan aikin aikin injiniya ya ɓace. Sanya a cikin rami a cikin ƙasa a farkon karni na 18, an yi amfani da karfe na Tsar Bell tare da ruwa yayin da ma'aikata suka kashe wuta mai kusa. Wannan ya sa kararrawa ta kwashe, ta sa shi mara amfani. Shard na karfe wanda ya fadi daga babban kararrawa yana zarge 11 ton kawai.

Tsar Bell har yanzu yana nuna ne kawai a waje da Ivan Tower Tower. Dube cikin rata (ba a bayyane a cikin wannan hoton) don duba manyan furanni da ake nufi da Tsar Bell, kuma jefa a cikin tsabar kudin don sa'a.

09 na 13

Babbar Cathedral ta Babbar da Ikklisiya na Terem Palace

Ikklisiya na Terem da Ikklesiyar Katolika na Upper Mai Ceto sun zama wani ɓangare na gidan shugaban Rasha. Saboda haka ba su bude wa jama'a ba. A baya an yi amfani da su daga iyalin tsar - Tsarina (Sarauniya) da tsarevna ('yar tsar ko princess).

A lokacin da kuke tafiya ta Moscow Kremlin, kulob din na wadannan majami'u sun fita waje tare da gidajensu, ƙananan zinariya da kuma hasumiyoyin da aka gina su.

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Ginin Majalisar Dattijai, Moscow Kremlin

Yayin da Majalisar Dattijai ta gina, a ƙarshen karni na 18 a cikin karni na 18, yayi amfani da gidan gwamnati a cikin karni na karshe, yanzu shi ne gidan shugaban Rasha. Cikin ciki an sabunta shi bisa ga yadda ya kamata, amma daga waje yana riƙe da facade.

Lenin ya yi nazari a Senate Building.

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Tsar Cannon, Moscow Kremlin

Tsar Cannon, wanda aka gina a ƙarshen karni na 16, shi ne ainihin kayan ado wanda yake so ya burge. Kwancen kwakwalwa na yau da kullum suna da yawa don shiga cikin bindigar gungun. Bisa ga sunansa mai daraja, an ƙare shi da gwaninta tare da kayan aikin da ya canza wannan na'ura na soja zuwa aikin fasaha. Shekarun da suka gabata sun ga hotunan shugabannin Amurka da na Rasha suna shafan hannu a gaban Tsar Cannon.

Abin sha'awa, kogin yana aiki ne kawai. Shaida ta nuna cewa an kori shi a kalla sau ɗaya, kodayake koda yake an shirya kwallun kwalliyar da aka sanya don ya dace da ganga.

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Fadar Fax

An yi amfani da gidan sararin samaniya a lokacin liyafa da ɗakin liyafar ga masu tsalle da mahimman baƙi. Asalin asali na gine-ginen Italiyanci, an haɗa shi da Grand Kremlin Palace.

Gidan Red, wanda aka gani a gefen hagu na wannan hoton (kuma ba ainihin ja a yau) ba, yana kewaye da labari. An yi amfani da wannan matakan ta tsars a kan hanyar da za a daukaka a Cathedral na Dormition. Wani labari mai ban mamaki ya nuna yadda dangin Great Peter ya jefa a kan matakan, inda 'yan uwan ​​suna jira a kasa don su kashe su.

Za a iya fasalin Red Porch a cikin kwanaki da suka gabata zuwa "kyakkyawan ɗaki." (Karanta game da ja a al'adun gargajiya na Rasha ). Ko da yake an hallaka shi a cikin shekarun 1930 a kan tsarin Stalin, an sake gina Red Porch saboda muhimmancinta da dangantaka da tarihin Rasha da tarihin Kremlin.

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Ikilisiyar Ɗaukewar Shari'a goma sha biyu da Fadar sarki, Moscow Kremlin

Ikilisiyar goma sha biyu da kuma fadar sarki ya kasance daya daga cikin sababbin da za a gina a dandalin Cathedral kuma ba a gina har zuwa karni na 17 ba. Ba a kashe kuɗin don ya faranta wa ubangijin wannan lokaci ba. A nan, ubangiji ya karbi shugabanni masu ziyara.

Ikilisiyar Manyan Sharuɗu Biyu ne ɗakin ɗakin sujada na ubangidan.