El Zócalo wani lokaci ne da ake amfani dasu zuwa babban wuri na garin Mexico. An yi imanin cewa kalma ta fito ne daga kalmar Italiyanci zoccolo , wanda ke nufin saɓo ko ƙafa. A karni na 19, an kafa wani shinge a tsakiya na babban masaukin birnin Mexico wanda ya zama tushe don abin tunawa wanda zai tuna da 'yancin kai na Mexica. Ba a taɓa yin amfani da mutum-mutumi ba kuma mutane sun fara komawa cikin filin da kanta kamar Zócalo.
Yanzu a garuruwan da yawa a Mexico, ana kiran babban filin Zócalo.
Ƙaddamarwa ta Koriya
A shekara ta 1573, Sarki Philip II ya kafa a cikin Dokokin Indiya cewa an gina garuruwan mulkin mallaka a Mexico da kuma sauran yankunan Mutanen Espanya a wasu hanyoyi. Dole ne a sa su a cikin wani tsari na grid tare da madauri na rectangular a tsakiya wanda ke kewaye da hanyoyi madaidaiciya da ke tsakiya a kusurwar dama. Ikilisiya ta kasance a gefen daya (yawanci gabas) na filin, kuma an gina gine-gine a gefe guda. Gine-gine da ke kewaye da wannan filin zai kasance da tashar jiragen ruwa don ba da damar masu ciniki su kafa kantin sayar da kayayyaki a can. An tsara wannan cibiyar don zama addini, siyasa, tattalin arziki da al'adu na gari.
Yawancin biranen mallaka na Mexico sun nuna wannan tsari, amma akwai wasu, irin su garuruwan Taxco da Guanajuato, waɗanda aka gina a wurare masu ban mamaki inda ba a iya aiwatar da wannan shirin ba.
Wadannan ƙauyuka suna da tituna na iska kamar tituna madaidaiciya a cikin wani tsari na grid wanda muke gani kullum.
Mexico City Zócalo
Mexico City Zocalo shine ainihin, mafi yawan wakilci, kuma mafi shahararren. Sunan sunansa Plaza de la Constitución . An samo a kan tsaunuka na babban birnin Aztec Tenochtitlan.
An gina gine-ginen a cikin Tsarin Tsabta na Farko na Aztec kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Templo Mayor, babban gidan Aztec, wanda aka keɓe ga gumakan Huitzilopochtli (Allah na yaki) da Tlaloc (allahn ruwan sama). An rataye shi a gabas tare da ake kira "New Houses" na Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin da yamma da "Casas Viejas" ko Palace na Axayácatl. Bayan zuwan Mutanen Spaniards a cikin 1500s, mayajan Templo ya rushe kuma masu gina Mutanen Espanya sunyi amfani da duwatsu daga gare ta da sauran gine-ginen Aztec don shirya sabon masauki mai suna Plaza Mayor a shekara ta 1524. Za a iya ganin ragowar babban gidan Aztec a cikin Templo Mayor archaeological site located kawai zuwa arewa maso gabas na filin, kusa da Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral .
A cikin tarihinsa, wannan wuri ya wuce ta hanyoyi masu yawa. An dasa lambunan lambuna, wuraren tsabta, wurare, kasuwanni, hanyoyin jiragen ruwa, ruwa da sauran kayan ado da kuma cire sau da yawa. A shekara ta 1956, square ya sami yanayin bayyanar da yake ciki yanzu: babban nauyin mita 830 zuwa 500 (mita 195 x 240) tare da wata babbar alama a tsakiyar.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da baƙin ƙarfe Zócalo a matsayin wuri don zanga-zangar zanga-zangar, ayyuka na wasanni irin su raƙuman ruwa a lokacin Kirsimeti, wasan kwaikwayo, nune-nunen da wuraren sayar da littattafai ko kuma babban ɗakin tattarawa don kiran taimakon Mexicans a lokacin da bala'o'i na bala'i .
An gudanar da bikin Grito shekara-shekara a cikin Zócalo a kowace shekara don bikin ranar Independence ranar Mexico ranar 15 ga Satumba. Wannan sararin samaniya yana da wurin yin tafiya da wasu lokuta zanga-zanga.
Idan kana so ka sami kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da birnin Zócalo na Mexico, akwai 'yan gidajen cin abinci da cafes waɗanda ke ba da ra'ayoyin panorama irin su gidan cin abinci na Gran Hotel Ciudad de México, ko kuma na Best Western Hotel Majestic. Balcón del Zócalo yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi kuma yana cikin Hotel Zócalo Central.
Zocalos na wasu birane na iya samun bishiyoyi da tsaka-tsaki a tsakiya kamar Oaxaca City Zócalo da Plaza de Armas na Guadalajara , ko maɓuɓɓugar, kamar Puebla's Zócalo . Sau da yawa suna da sanduna da cafes a wuraren da ke kewaye da su, don haka suna da kyau wurin da za su huta daga wurin tafiye-tafiye da kuma jin dadin mutane suna kallo.
Ta Dukkan Sunaye ...
Kalmar Zócalo ta zama na kowa, amma wasu birane a Mexico suna amfani da wasu kalmomi don komawa ga babban filin. A San Miguel de Allende, yawancin gari ana kiran su El Jardín da Mérida wanda ake kira La Plaza Grande . Lokacin da shakka zaka iya tambaya don "la plaza main" ko "maya mayor" kuma kowa zai san abin da kake magana akai.