Taron Tunawa da Holocaust a Jamus

Jamus ta ba da gudummawar albarkatu don kada su manta da Holocaust. Akwai wuraren tunawa da mujallar Holocaust, da gidajen tarihi, da kuma tsoffin sansanonin tsaro da ke koya wa jama'a da kuma girmama miliyoyin wadanda aka cutar.

Yawancin baƙi zuwa Turai suna tilasta su ziyarci waɗannan shafuka, kuma ya kamata. Tsarin Holocaust yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a karni na 20. Amma ka tuna cewa shafukan wuraren tunawa suna kallon abin da ya faru a nan.

Don cikakke jerin abubuwan tunawa da dukan Turawa na Holocaust na Turai (kamar shahararrun shafukan yanar gizon a Poland wanda aka sani da Auschwitz), ziyarci Ƙarin Bayanai zuwa Ƙungiyoyin Amincewa na Turai.

• 01 na 10

  Ranar tunawa ga Yahudawa da aka kashe a Turai

  Mista Peter Eisenmann ya tsara bikin tunawa da Berlin ga Yahudawan Turai da aka kashe. Bayan da aka yi nasara a gasar da za ta yanke shawarar lashe kyautar, babu wanda aka zaba, amma Eisenmann ya fara farawa.

  An kafa shi a kan tashar 4.7-acre a tsakanin Ƙofar Brandenburg da Potsdamer Platz . Maɗaukaki na hoton shi ne "Field of Stelae" tare da wasu ginshiƙai fiye da 2,500. Zaka iya shigarwa daga kowane ɓangaren hudu kuma kuyi tafiya ta cikin filin da ba ta da kyau, ya zama rasa a cikin ginshiƙan ƙaramin ginshiƙai. Dukkan bambanci daban-daban a cikin girman, suna tafiya ta hanyar fitar da rashin jin daɗi wanda kawai za ka iya fuskanta yayin da kake yin hanyar ta wannan gandun daji mai launin toka. Gidan gidan kayan gargajiya na kusa yana da ƙananan abubuwan da suka shafi kansa kamar sunaye na dukan waɗanda aka sani da kisan kiyashin Yahudawa da aka sani da kuma zaɓar labarun tafiya.

  Kusan a fadin titin Tiergarten shine ƙananan tunawa da masu ba da izini na maza da aka tsananta a karkashin Nazism, da kuma motsi zuwa ga Reichstag shine sabon buɗewa ta tunawa da mutanen Sinti da Roma wadanda suka shafi zamantakewar al'umma. Da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, za ku iya samun alamar rubutu a inda Hitler ta Bunker ya tsaya a kusa da shi.

• 02 na 10

  Ƙungiyar Zuciya Dachau

  Babban sansani na Dachau, mai nisan kilomita 10 daga arewa maso yammacin birnin Munich , na ɗaya daga cikin sansani na farko a Nazi Jamus kuma zai zama misali ga dukan sansani na gaba a cikin Reich na uku.

  Masu ziyara a wurin tunawa sun bi hanyar "fursunoni," suna tafiya kamar yadda fursunonin suka tilasta wa bayan da suka isa sansanin. Za ku ga wankan wanka na wankan sakonni, barracks, kotu, da kuma gandun daji, da kuma gagarumin nuni da kuma abubuwan tunawa.

• 03 na 10

  Stolpersteine

  Kuna iya lura da waɗannan tunawa da ke tafiya kusa da biranen Jamus . Stolpersteine a fassara ta ainihi zuwa "dutse mai satarwa". Akwai abubuwa da yawa don ganin a matakin idanu, yana da sauƙin rasa kuskuren, wurare na zinariya da aka sanya a cikin tabarbare a ƙofar yawancin mazauna, kasuwanni, da har yanzu wurare masu banƙyama.

  Wannan aikin da ɗan littafin Jamus, Gunter Demnig ya yi, yana tunawa da wadanda ke fama da kisan gillar da aka yi a cikin labaran tunawa da tagulla da sunayensu (ko sunaye na iyali), kwanan wata (s) haihuwar, da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin abin da suka faru. Yawancin lokaci sukan ce " Hier wohnte " (a nan ya rayu), amma wani lokacin shi ne wurin da mutum ya koyi, yayi aiki, ko kuma ya koyar. Harshen yana da yawa iri ɗaya, " ermordet " (wanda aka kashe) tare da wuraren maras kyau na Auschwitz, Dachau ...

• 04 na 10

  Sachsenhausen Camp Concentration

  Kimanin minti 30 a arewacin Berlin shi ne wurin tunawa da sachsenhausen, wani tsohon sansanin fanni a Oranienburg. An kafa sansanin a 1936, har zuwa 1945 mutane fiye da 200,000 suka kasance a kurkuku a nan ta Nazis.

  Sachsenhausen ya kasance a cikin hanyoyi da dama daya daga cikin sansani masu mahimmanci a cikin Reich na uku: Shi ne sansanin farko da aka kafa a karkashin Heinrich Himmler a matsayin Babban Jami'in Jamus da kuma tsarin aikin gine-ginen da aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin misali don kusan dukkanin sansanonin tsaro a Nazi Jamus.

  Bayan da aka saki sansanin a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1945, ta Soviet da Poland, Soviets sun yi amfani da shafin da kuma tsarin su a matsayin sansanin 'yan siyasa na fursunonin siyasa tun daga 1945 zuwa 1950.

  A shekara ta 1956, shirye-shiryen fara farawa don sake fasalin sansanin a cikin asalin kasar. An bude shi a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilu, 1961, kuma yanzu an buɗe wa jama'a zama gidan kayan tarihi da kuma tunawa.

• 05 na 10

  Taro na Buchenwald

  Fiye da mutane 250,000 daga kasashe 50 sun kasance a kurkuku a tsohon sansanin Buchenwald, kusa da garin Weimar .

  Gidan wuraren tunawa da gidajen tarihi daban-daban kuma za ku iya ganin tsohon filin sansani, ɗakin ƙofa da tsare-tsare, masu tsaro, mahalarta, cibiyar gyaran magungunan, tashar jirgin kasa, wuraren shinge, shinge, da gine-gine. Akwai alamun da aka sa hannu a cikin dukkanin shafin yanar gizon, ciki har da hanyoyi da tsohuwar alamu suka ɗauka.

• 06 na 10

  Tarihin Yahudawa a Berlin

  Tarihin Yahudawa a Berlin ba wai kawai gidan kayan gargajiya ba ne - tarihin tarihin tarihi na tarihi "Millennia na Tarihin Tarihin Jamus" da kuma takardun rayuwar Yahudawa a Jamus daga jaridar Roman Times don gabatar da ranar.

  Amma gine-ginen gine-gine na Daniel Libeskind ya sa alamun wadanda aka kama da su sun ɓace: Tsarin gidan kayan gargajiya yana tunawa da tauraron Daular Dauda, ​​wanda aka tsara shi a cikin shinge mai shinge, maɗaukaki, kuma "Hatsuna" yana shimfiɗa tsayin ginin. Hanya ta Holocaust da kuma shigar da kayan fasahar "Fallen Leaves" sune wani ƙwarewar motsi da na musamman.

• 07 na 10

  Camp Bergen Belsen Camp Concentration

  Tare da sansanin mutuwar Auschwitz, Bergen Belsen a Lower Saxony ya zama alama ce ta duniya don bala'in Holocaust. Anne Frank an tsare shi a wannan sansanin kuma ya mutu daga Typhus a watan Maris 1945.

  A yau, majajin tsohon sansanin zinaren suna da hurumi tare da wasu kayan hotunan da suke shahararrun waɗanda suka sha wahala kuma suka mutu a Bergen Belsen. Har ila yau, akwai sabon Cibiyar Bayanan da aka bude, wanda ke haɓaka duk takardu, hotuna, da fina-finan da ke binciken tarihin sansanin.

• 08 na 10

  Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Neuengamme

  Cibiyar da ake kira "Neuengamme concentration Camp", wanda aka gina a cikin wani tsohon masana'antun tubalin da ke kusa da Hamburg , shine mafi girma a sansani a Arewacin Jamus, tare da sansanin tauraron dan adam 80 a tsakanin 1938 da 1945. A cikin watan Mayun 2005, ranar 60 ga watan zauren sansanin. 'yanci, an bude wani filin tunawa da wuraren sake, ciki har da wasu nune-nunen da suka rubuta tarihin shafin kuma tuna da wahalar da aka kashe fiye da mutane 100,000 a nan. Gine-ginen shahararrun gine-ginen tarihi a kan shafin suna kiyaye su.

• 09 na 10

  Camp Concentration Flossenbürg

  Gidan ajiyar ajiyar Flossenbürg, wanda aka gina a 1938, yana a cikin Upper Palatinate yankin Bavaria. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, mai shahararren fastocin Jamus da masanin ilimin kimiyya, an tsare shi a nan kuma ya mutu kawai kwana 23 kafin Flossenbürg ya saki a cikin watan Afirilu 1945. Tunawa da Mutuwar tana ba da jagorancin yawon shakatawa a harshen Turanci, wanda ya hada da sassan tarihin tarihi "Flossenbürg Concentration Camp, 1938-1945 . "

• 10 na 10

  House of Wannsee Conference

  Masu ziyara za su iya tsayawa a cikin ɗakin inda aka shirya "Maganar Ƙarshe" (watau Holocaust). Yanzu wurin tunawa , Cibiyar Wakilan Wannsee ita ce wani muhimmin tarihin tarihin mutanen da za su karbi matakan da aka dauka zuwa kisan kiyashi na kimanin mutane miliyan 11.