UNESCO World Heritage Sites a Scotland

5 Mafi yawan wuraren da za a ziyarci Scotland

Scotland tana da wuraren tarihi na duniya na UNESCO guda biyar wadanda aka zaba don al'adunsu ko kuma muhimmancin duniya. Wasu suna da sauƙi a gani a kan ɗan gajeren tafiya zuwa Scotland. Samun ga wasu, kamar Orkney da St Kilda, su ne ainihin abin yawon shakatawa amma suna biyan lokaci da ƙoƙari tare da sakamako mai ban mamaki. Yi shiri a kan waɗannan wurare na musamman don yin ziyara a Scotland don tafiya cikin rayuwarku.

• 01 na 05

  Forth Bridge

  Gidan na Forth Bridge shine sabon Tarihin Gidan Duniya na Scotland, yana samun bambanci a watan Yuli na shekara ta 2015, kawai a lokacin kwanakin haihuwar shekaru 125. Sanya Firth of Ofth, kimanin kilomita tara a yammacin Edinburgh a Kudu Queensferry, tashar jirgin kasa na farko ne na farko na duniya. A mita 2,529 (kusan kimanin 1.57 mil) shine har yanzu daga cikin manyan gado na irinsu.

  A gada ya buɗe a 1890, game da lokacin da jiragen ke tafiyar da kasuwa don dogon nisa. Ƙungiyar UNESCO ta nuna cewa:

  "Sakamakon fasahar masana'antun da ke tattare da shi ya haifar da wani nau'i na kayan aiki, kayan aiki da sikelin, Ƙarin Bridge yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin gada da kuma gina ..."

  Yadda ake ganin Forth Bridge

  • A ƙafa - Hudu a kudancin Firth of Forth, a kusa da Kudu Queensferry da arewacin arewa a North Queensferry yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da gada, daya daga alamomin alamar Scotland. Idan kana ziyartar Edinburgh, hawan zuwa Arthur ko Salisbury Crags a Holyrood Park don dogon nesa.
  • A kan gada - Shirye-shiryen suna a cikin ayyukan don ƙirƙirar sababbin sababbin abubuwan da suka ziyarci gada. Cibiyar baƙo a North Queensferry za ta hada da iska mai iska ta sama zuwa dandalin kallo a saman ginin arewa. Tafiya daga cibiyar a Queensferry ta kudu za ta yi farin ciki ga masu neman a kan tafiya zuwa saman dutsen kudu. Zaka iya kallon bidiyon da yawa kuma ku ci gaba da cigaba a kan Forth Bridge Experience a nan.
  • Ta hanyar jirgin ruwan - Tafiya ta hanyar tafiya ta hanyar tafiya a kai a kai a kan Firth wanda ke tafiya a karkashin gada daga wani dutse a Kudu Queensferry. Har ila yau, suna da kolejin aikin hidimar jiragen ruwa, wanda ya bar cibiyar Edinburgh. Mai baiwa na Ofit yana aiki ne da jirgin ruwa a tsibirin Inchorn a tsakiyar Firth wanda ya ba da ra'ayoyi mai kyau a kan gada.

  The Forth Bridge a Labari

  Ana gado da gada tare da haske mai tsattsar gas. Yana daukan shekaru 10 don shafe gada da kuma a baya, da zarar masu sintiri suka gama a ƙarshen ƙarshen, dole ne su sake farawa a daya. Saboda haka a cikin Ingila, ba a taɓa ganin aikin da ya ƙare ba kamar zane na Forth Bridge.

  Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne ko da yake. Lokacin da mawallafi suka kammala aikin shekaru 10, a shekarar 2011, Railroad Rail, masu kula da gada, ya ce sababbin takarda da fasahar zanen fasaha ba za a iya samun gado ba daga ma'aunin kwalliya da kuma zane-zanen shekaru 20.

• 02 na 05

  St Kilda

  A 1930, yawan mutanen jihar St. Kilda (duk 36 daga cikinsu) suka bar tsibirin tsibirin wannan tsibirin, mai nisan kilomita 110 a yammacin Scotland, domin babban yankin. Wannan ita ce ƙarshen kauyen da ya wanzu akalla shekaru 1,000. Wasu shaidu na tsibirin sun nuna mutane suna amfani da tsibirin kusan kusan shekaru 4,000.

  St Kilda yana daya daga cikin shafukan wuraren tarihi na UNESCO wanda aka rubuta a kan jerin sunayen al'adu da na al'ada. A shekara ta 1986 ya zama wuri na farko na tarihi na duniya a Scotland. A shekarar 2005 ya shiga kungiya mai daraja na 'yan dozin da aka lissafa don al'adu da kuma muhimmancin gaske. A shekara ta 2013 an koma shi zuwa matsayin Matsayin Gida na Kasa - wanda aka tanadar abin da UNESCO ta dauki wuraren da ya fi kyau a duniya.

  Me ya sa St Kilda?

  • Culturally, matsayin al'adun duniya zai taimaka wajen kare hujjojin akalla "shekaru biyu na aikin ɗan adam a cikin matsanancin yanayi." 'Yan tsibirin sunyi amfani da tattalin arzikin da ke kulawa da kula da tumaki, tattara kayan tsuntsaye da kuma kula da ƙasar. Shaidun garin kauracewa , tare da garken tumaki da kuma tsararru (gine-ginen dutse) har yanzu yana tsaye a tashar tashar jiragen ruwa na St Kilda, a kan Hirta.
  • Ƙungiyar ta tsibirin ta samo asali ne daga aikin tsawa na farko, glaciers da rushewa da ke shimfida wurare masu ban mamaki da kuma manyan tasoshin teku. Mafi yawan St. Kilda yana kusa da tsaye.
  • Dabun daji da halittu masu yawa a tsibirin suna da dalili mai kyau don ziyartarwa. Ba fiye da miliyoyin ruwa guda biyu suna amfani da tsibirin don nesting da kuma ƙaurawar ƙaura, musamman maƙarai, gangami da cikakke. Har ila yau, tsibirin suna gida ne ga tumaki Soay, da tsohuwar al'adar da 'yan tawayen farko na St Kilda suka kawo a dubban shekaru da suka wuce.
  • Ko da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da halittu masu yawa sun haɗa a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya.

  Samun St Kilda ...

  ... ba aiki mai sauki ba. Kuna iya yin tafiya a kan tsibirin zuwa tsibirin amma idan za ku iya samun ƙasa ya dogara da yanayin da tides - babu tabbacin. Karanta rahoto game da tafiya zuwa St Kilda.

  Domin sanin yadda rayuwa mai wuya ta kasance ga tsibirin na asali, ziyarci Gidan Riverside Museum wanda ke da "Jollyboat", daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa na karshe wanda 'yan tsibirin suke amfani da su don yin sufurin kayayyaki, wasiku da kuma masu yawon bude ido zuwa gabar ruwa.

• 03 na 05

  Edinburgh Old da New Towns

  Babban birnin Scotland da kuma zama na sabon majalisar, ya hada da matasa da zamani na jin dadin babban birnin jami'a da kuma babban birnin kasar tare da tarihin tarihi da ban mamaki. Yana da babban bikin wasan kwaikwayo a duniya , yana da gidan shekara 1,000 da dutsen - Arthur's Seat - daidai a tsakiyar gari.

  Birnin, babban birnin Scotland tun daga karni na 15, ya raba zuwa yankuna biyu masu rarrabuwa - wani garin Georgian da Newoclassical New Town tare da hanyoyi masu nisa da wuraren lambu da Tsohon Town, wanda aka kafa ta sansanin da aka sani da Castle Edinburgh.

  Dangane da tarihin UNESCO ya nuna cewa matsayin haɗin gwiwar yankunan biyu ya ba birnin halin kirki na musamman, da kuma yabon Edinburgh "tasiri mai zurfi a tsarin birane", ya ce:

  "Bambanci tsakanin tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar garin da kuma sabon gari na Georgian New Edinburgh, Scotland, ya ba da tsabta ga tsarin birane marar bambanci a Turai."

  Gidajen Jaridu na Princes

  Gundumar, tare da tuddai, kwaruruka da ƙauyuka - wanda aka sani da lambun Princes Street Gardens - ya raba yankin Old da New Town na Edinburgh kuma ya ba da wuri ga ƙananan fina-finai na Scottish da kuma Royal Scottish Academy . Ya dubi, ga dukan duniya, kamar na yanayin ƙasa, a ɗaya tare da tuddai na Edinburgh da kuma babban dutsen Rock Rock.

  A hakikanin gaskiya, an halicci mutum ne kawai, wanda aka gina shi ta hanyar saukowa Nor Loch - kanta loch - wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na kariya na kariya. An gina lambuna da tudun da aka sani da Mound daga fiye da miliyoyin kaya na kayan ganimar da aka yi a lokacin gina New Town.

• 04 na 05

  New Lanark

  New Lanark shine halittar ƙarni na 19 na Farfesa Robert Owen. Gidan da aka gina da aka gina a shekara ta 1785 daga marubucin Owen, ya riga ya zama mai yalwata mai yatsa mai yalwa da ruwa da wasu gidaje don ma'aikatan lokacin da Owen ya fara aiki a farkon karni na 19. Ya kasance, har ma, mafi girma daga cikin gine-gine masana'antu a duniya.

  Owen ya yanke shawara ya yi amfani da ka'idodin da ya dace na kariya ga 'yan uwa don samar da ƙauyen masana'antu na gari tare da yanayi mai kyau, mai kyau, gidaje mai kyau, ilimi da inganta al'adu ga ma'aikata, gonaki masu kyan gani, kuma, don lokaci, kyakkyawan yanayin aiki. An tsara tsare-tsaren da gine-ginen don lafiyar ma'aikata, sunyi la'akari da "muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin zamantakewa da masana'antu" tare da tasiri mai dorewa tun daga yanzu. Bisa ga bayanin UNESCO:

  "New Lanark wani abin tunawa ne na musamman cewa samar da dukiya ba ta nuna damuwa ba ne ga masu cin moriyarta ... Ƙauyen ... shi ne shimfiɗar jarrabawar ra'ayoyin da ke neman inganta yanayin yanayin mutum a duniya ... ... zamantakewa da kuma tsarin tattalin arziki da Owen ya ci gaba da daukar karfinta a lokacinsa amma yanzu an yarda da ita a wannan zamani. "

  Bayan New Lanark

  Owen ya ci gaba da gano mutanen Utopian da ke New Harmony, Indiana, bisa ga mutanen New Lanark. Amma, ba tare da manufar hadin gwiwar da aka samar da su a cikin Scotland ba, sai ya kasa cinyewar tattalin arziki a cikin shekaru biyu. An sayar da New Lanark sau da yawa, kuma ya zama wani wuri a karshen shekarun 1960. Mudun da aka yi da ruwa mai ruwan sama ya ci gaba da aiki tun daga shekara ta 1786 zuwa 1968. Mai yiwuwa saboda wannan, sun tsira daga canji maras canzawa a cikin karni na 21.

  New Lanark Yau

  Gine-ginen gine-ginen, tsara gidajen gidaje, ma'aikata ilimi da makarantar zama a matsayin shaida na farkon ƙarni na 19 na haskaka mai shi da kuma ma'aikaci. An kirkiro shafin a cikin asusun tarihi na duniya a shekara ta 2001.

  New Lanark Trust, sadarwar da aka rubuta ta Scotland, tana kula da kayan tarihi na duniya wanda yake son kiyaye shi a matsayin "al'umma mai ci gaba, tare da mazaunin mazaunin da kuma sababbin damar yin aiki."

  Mafi yawan shafukan yanar gizon yana buɗe wa baƙi kowane shekara, tare da nune-nunen nune-nunen da abubuwan jan hankali don ganin daga Cibiyar Masu Biyan. Shafin ya hada da hotel din a cikin ɗakin gine-ginen da kuma ɗakin kwanan dalibai a wani gidan zama na farko, wani ɗakin kantin sayar da kayan shaguna da kuma ɗakunan tarurruka don wasan kwaikwayo, laccoci da kuma nune-nunen. Ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen mazaunin, wanda aka sani da suna Biyu, wanda wasu ɓangarorin sun kasance a cikin aiki har zuwa 1970, ana mayar da ita don yin amfani da zama.

  Ziyarci dandalin yanar gizon su don bude lokuta da farashin.

• 05 na 05

  Zuciya na Orkney

  Abokan da ke zuwa Orkney suna nan da nan ta hanyar babban burin abubuwan da suka shafi ginshiƙan da suka shafi tsibirin. Wasu suna fiye da shekaru 5,000, suna da Stonehenge da Pyramids na shekaru dubu. Shafin ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na dutse daban-daban, Dutsen Dutsen Dama da Tsarin Brodgar; Gidan da ake binne shi a cikin Viking yana gudu daga wani lokaci, Maeshowe; wani ƙauye mai shekaru 5,000, Skara Brae, da kuma sauran wuraren da ba a san su ba.

  Abubuwan da aka gina wuraren tarihi na duniya suna dauke da mafi muhimmanci daga zamanin Neolithic a Yammacin Turai. Ba a san cewa ƙauyen Skara Brae mai shekaru 5,000 ba ne kawai a cikin karni na 19 lokacin da mummunan hadari ya share yashi wanda ya rufe shi har tsawon millennia. Ana la'akari da mafi kyaun tsare-tsaren Neolithic a duniya. Da farko an rubuta a kan jerin a shekarar 1999, daga bisani an daukaka shafin zuwa matsayin matsayi mai ban mamaki. Kungiyar ta UNESCO ta ce:

  "Gudunmawan Orkney suna da shaida na musamman ko shaida mai ban mamaki ga al'adar al'adun gargajiyar al'adu wadda ta kasance tsawon shekaru 500-1,000 amma ya ɓace kimanin 2000 BC ... Su ne shaida ga nasarorin al'adu na mutanen Neolithic na arewacin Turai, a lokacin 3000-2000 BC. "

  Sabbin sababbin abubuwa na babban al'ada ko wuraren yin biki a kan wani fili wanda ake kira The Ness of Brodgar yana ƙara ƙarin sani da shaida na mutanen zamanin da Orkney. Za a iya ziyarta a lokacin da aka fara nazarin archaeological digs. Hanya mafi kyau ta ziyarci wani ɗayan Orkney na zamanin duniyar yana cikin kamfanin daya daga cikin masu jagorancin tsibirin.